Critical Evaluation of a Theoretical Approach Used to Describe Pattern/Object Recognition
Pattern/object recognition is concerned with the processes involved in
the identification of images and objects. This essentially involves
taking information that enters the visual system and comparing this
with information stored in memory, and finding a match. There are
three approaches within pattern recognition; template and prototype
theories, feature comparison theories and structural theories. The
focus of this essay is feature comparison theories, their advantages
and disadvantages and their overall success in pattern/object
recognition.
Feature comparison models were developed in response to the many
problems found with template and prototype theories. Template theory
proposed that humans have separate rigid templates in their long-term
memory for every possible pattern/object. However flexibility is a
considerable limitation within this approach as one template could not
cover all the possible forms of a pattern. For example, humans would
have to possess templates for every possible form of the letter H and
to store this number of templates has been widely regarded as
implausible (Eysenck & Keane, 2000). Feature theories deal with the
flexibility problem of template theories as they suggest that
templates are only needed for each feature and not each pattern,
therefore less information needs to be stored in memory. Although
prototype theories developed on template theories and suggested that
humans have prototypes; which are a typical representation of a
pattern/object rather than templates, problems were still apparent as
they we...
... middle of paper ...
...w features are
combined and recognised thereafter as actual objects in the
environment. Although supported by both behavioural and neurological
evidence, feature models are limited as they do not account for
top-down processes, and at best address only part of the process of
pattern/object recognition.
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McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I. An account of basic findings. Psychological review, 88(5), 375.