Developmental Views of Parenting Style and Effectiveness
Parenting effectiveness and influence have been studied by developmental
psychologists who have been interested in the role of parenting and how it may affect the
success or failure of children. An important aspect to this area of research is parenting
styles. There have been four styles noted and each may have differing outcomes for the
children in later life: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and unengaged/uninvolved.
Positive discipline and corporal punishment are ways parents may choose to respond to a
child?s misbehavior. Usually corporal punishment is identified with the authoritative
style and positive discipline with the authoritarian style. Research has suggested that
parenting strategies might be culturally specific in their relation to child behavior
problems. Socioeconomic status has also been found to affect child-rearing practices and
poverty can cause strained parental-child relations which causes parents to be less
nurturing. When negative behaviors have been identified behavioral family
interventions, which apply social learning principles, have been suggested as a means of
helping children with conduct problems.
Four Styles of Child Rearing
Permissive parents "are more responsive than they are demanding. They are
nontraditional and lenient, do not require mature behavior, allow considerable
self-regulation, and avoid confrontation" (Baumrind,1991, p.62). They allow their
children to make too many decisions for themselves. Some of these parents believe that
they have little control of their children?s behaviors.
Authoritarian parents ?are obedienc...
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There has been much debate about the parenting style called “Free Range parenting.” It allows children to make decisions with minimal parental interference. There were two different articles I read “Kids’ Solo Playtime Unleashes ‘Free-Range’ Parenting Debate”, written by Jennifer Ludden and published February 18th, 2015 and “Maryland family under investigation for letting their kid’s walk home alone.” I do not agree with either of these two articles and do not agree with this parenting style.
"When my kids become wild and unruly, I use a nice, safe playpen. When they’re finished, I climb out.” – Erma Bombeck. Early childhood is the most rapid period of development in a human life. Although individual children develop at their own pace, all children progress through an identifiable sequence of physical, cognitive, and emotional growth and change. A child who is ready for school has a combination of positive characteristics: he or she is socially and emotionally healthy, confident and friendly; has good peer relationships; tackles challenging tasks and persists with them; has good language skills and communicates well; and listens to instructions and is attentive (World Bank 1). The interactive influences of genes and experience literally shape the architecture of the developing brain and the most important ingredient is the nature of a child’s engagement in the relationship with his or her parents (Bales 1). The parenting style of a mother or father has a strong and direct impact on the sequence of development through which the child progresses on the way to becoming a physically, mentally and emotionally healthy individual.
Within the realm of Communication and Parenting, it is apparent that most researches will refer to three main parenting styles: permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative parenting. Permissive parenting is described as a style in which parents exert minimal psychological control combined with high levels of affection. Authoritarian styles differ from this greatly, as it is defined as parenting with many demands and few expressions of affection. Authoritative parenting can be described as a balance of permissive and authoritarian styles. Authoritative parents have high expectations for their children, and they are able to effectively share ideals of love and respect. The essay “The Role of Parenting Styles in Children's Problem Behavior,”
Moreover, since the family is the first window of the child, parenting style and its influence on children could greatly affect their understanding, attitude and school achievements. (Kordi & Baharudin, 2010). Furthermore, according to a report on The National Children’s Strategy Research Series, “the profound influence of parenting practices on children’s development has been widely documented and a large body of research literature in the UK, USA and Australia has focused on the links between parenting styles, parental discipline responses, child behaviour and children’s psychological well-being.” (Halpenny, et al., 2010). Dimensions of parent-child relations pertaining to the parenting styles, and the quality of a parent and a child have been found to have substantial implications for children’s emotional and personality development. (Goldstein and Weiner,
It can be said for most parents that they want their children to grow up to be successful contributing members of society. Being a parent is a difficult, yet rewarding task. But why do some types of parenting result in juvenile delinquency while others find success. There are four generally recognized parenting styles and are categorized: authoritarian, permissive, neglectful, and authoritative. This essay will break down the various styles, its type(s) of discipline and effectiveness.
One of the most important determining aspects of children 's outcome is the parenting style under which s/he was raised. Because the baby has not established any knowledge about the world or how to interact within it, the parent can be considered the first teacher in developing multiple habits, social techniques and roles, identity, and communication skills. Every step an individual takes, every word one speaks, they learn to control and monitor from the beginning of their life. Behavior is something that is learned, conditioned, and adjusted as needed during the evolution of the learning phase, where the parent holds a great weight in introducing and reinforcing the foundational beliefs a child will
Parenting styles are the way that parents discipline, raise, and show their affection to their children. The book defines parenting methods as, “how, and to what extent, parents seek to control their children” (Meyers & Dewall). The book also lists three different styles of parenting, defining them as authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative. The mindset of the child, how the child deals with social interactions, and the overall mental health of the child can all be affected depending on the parenting styles that their parents choose to use.
Parent has changed with the years. Spanking a child was okay in the past, but is frowned upon. Some parents believe in talking through situations. “In any society, parenting beliefs are a reflection of that society 's cultural values and traditions” (Hulei, Zevenbergen, & Jacobs, 2006). Traditions in one culture may not be accepted in another culture. Traditions change with the times; what is accepted today may not be accepted later in the future. Parent is based on three main styles, but past research has included a fourth. This essay will describe four parenting styles and compare them to the parenting styles on the Chinese and European parents.
A parent is not only the loving mother who holds you close to her for nine months and then many years, or the dad who plays baseball with you and intimidates his daughter’s dates. It is someone who is there for you from the start, guiding you to the right path of knowledge and teaching you how to stay on the right path independently. A parent does not need to have any biological associations to the child in order to be a parent to them. A parent must have certain characteristics to be rightfully called a parent. For many years psychologists have defined ways to correctly support a child to adulthood for parents all over the world. Some people conclude their practice of parenting their children after the child reaches the age of 18, and some have the duty as a lifelong job. As years pass so do generations and media changes very constantly and plays a factor in how children act and respond to certain stimuli. There was a study done in 2009 and people in Poughkeepsie had answered a poll that revealed overall every age group finds it harder to raise a child in today’s day and age than it had been in previous generations, but the older the parent is, the longer the generation gap would be and that factors in the difficulty of understanding how media works with a child’s psychological set up. What a child watches on a television screen is what the child will imitate through behavior. However, parenting is not a book written by a doctor, parenting is having a family, and creating memories, also ensuring that your children live in a nourishing environment for their emotional, mental, and physical health. The accepted goal of a parent is to ensure that their child or children grow to be mature and able to both support themselves and a f...
With over three hundred million Americans and over six billion people worldwide parenting skills are essential to maintain a healthy society. Parenting involves many aspects and requires many skills. It is a time to nurture, instruct, and correct to develop fundamental skills children will need to be mature, responsible, and contributing adults to a society. There are four commonly identified parenting styles; authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting. Of the four parenting styles, two remain on opposite ends of the parenting spectrum. These two styles; authoritarian, and permissive both have deleterious results that are often visible throughout different developmental stages, such as rebellious behavior. As well each style has its own advantages such as; acceptance by peers with commonality. Child rearing for most parents is an evolving set of skills. It could be said that, with any style of parenting, there is no explicit set of rules for every situation, and what works for one child may not be effective for another.
Would you have come out different if your parents used a different parenting style? If you are considered “cool” now could you have come out a nerd if your parents would have used a different parenting style? “Parenting style is one of the primary determinants of your child’s outcome whether he succeeds, achieves, meets the challenges, flounders, gives up, or runs from or fails in handling life.” (6) The purpose of this paper is to describe the outcomes, processes, labor, and techniques of parenting in a psychological point of view. Parenting styles are defined as the “manner in which parents express their beliefs on how to be a good or bad parent.” (4) Each parenting style has its weaknesses and strengths. All parents incorporate love and limit in their style of parenting. There are four different types of parenting styles: authoritarian, permissive, democratic, and uninvolved parents.
Parents and their parenting style play an important role in the development of their child. In fact, many child experts suggest that parenting style can affect a child’s social, cognitive, and psychological development which influence not just their childhood years, but it will also extend throughout their adult life. This is because a child’s development takes place through a number of stimuli, interaction, and exchanges that surround him or her. And since parents are generally a fixed presence in a child’s life, they will likely have a significant part on the child’s positive or negative development (Gur 25).
Parenting styles are as diverse as parents themselves. Parenting is one of the most challenging and difficult responsibilities a person can face. The way a family is structured is called the parenting style. Parenting styles are collections of parental attitudes, practices, and non-verbal expressions that characterize the nature of parent-child relationships. Because individuals learn how to parent from many different examples including their own parents, role models, society and life experiences. Parenting techniques can vary greatly from household to household, however, experts believe that parenting styles can be broken down into four main categories which include permissive,authoritarian,authoritative,and neglectful.
Diana Baurmind and Alfred Adler have similar categories of parenting styles. Authoritative parenting can be compared to democratic and encouraging. Both of these styles offer love and security of the child. They express the parent is in control, but the parent also respect their child with explaining parental actions in a positive way. Permissive parenting can be compared to over-submissive parenting style. The child is rude, and demanding. The parent usually accepts the child’s behavior. In my opinion, the parent does not want to upset the child, or bother with correcting the behavior, so they will give in by rewarding the child in order to correct the child’s behavior. Authoritarian parenting can be compared to over-coercive parenting. These parents are very strict with children. My father can be compared to this parenting style. There was no reasoning, no communication, and his actions were final. This kind of parenting reminds me of being in the military. Finally, uninvolved parenting can be compared to neglecting parenting. I almost wanted to compare uninvolved to rejecting, but I cannot necessarily say the parent has denied acceptance. The parent is selfish, and does not even provide the bare minimum for their child’s necessities. I can compare this type of parenting from a 16 year old mother from the show Teen Mom’s. Jenelle had her son Andrew at a very young age. After his birth, she was distance and cared more about partying. Her
De’ath, E. (2000, Sept.). Parenting matters—what works in parent education. The British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70(3), 462-463.