Maglev Trains And The Technology Behind Them
Introduction
Magnets
Magnetism is a phenomenon that occurs when a moving charge exerts a
force on other moving charges. The magnetic force caused by these
moving charges sets up a field which in turn exerts a force on other
moving charges. This magnetic field is found to be perpendicular to
the velocity of the current. The force of the field decays with
distance from the charge. Most magnets we come across are weak
permanent magnets, such as fridge magnets and door catches. A
permanent magnet is a material that is naturally magnetic, they set up
magnetic fields by electrons circling an atom setting up magnetic
fields. They are based on oxides of barium and iron. They have low
field strength and would not be strong enough for use in Maglev
trains. Lately, developments in magnet research have found rare
earth-permanent magnets that have a much stronger magnetic field.
These new magnets have become an important part of our everyday life
being used in many everyday applications such as computers, CD players
and mobile phones. It is these high performance magnets that are used
in Maglev trains. The rare earth elements are scandium 21, yttrium 39
and lanthanide's 57-71.
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The principle of a Maglev (Magnetic Levitation) train is that it
floats on a magnetic field and is propelled by a linear induction
motor. They follow guidance tracks with magnets and have been seen to
have great potential in the transport world.
[IMAGE]An example of a maglev train from http://www.newscientist.com
Simple Theory
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... middle of paper ...
...rails.org/tMspages/TPMagIntro.html
Useful site giving me the clear definitions between EDS and EMS as
well as pictures
http://www.transrapid.de/
Used for info and history on German and Chinese projects.
Advancing Physics A2 book.
Used for equations for magnets and information on electromagnets
www.trymegaessays.com
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Used for information of superconductor problems detailed magnet theory
and maglev information. Not written well too confusing.
Physics World magazine
Used for initial info Maglev
Encyclopaedia Britannica 11
Used for small amount of advanced info on magnets. Repulsion picture
http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/General/Levitation/levitation.html
Earnshaw theorem info
The Complete A-Z of Physics handbook
Equations and magnet theory
Zhou Yu’s Train by Sun Zhou is a story about a woman, Zhou Yu, who is torn between her mind and heart. (Havis, 2004) She has to choose to stay either with the poet Chen Qing or the vet Zhang Qiang, but the choice is not easy for her. Therefore she continues her travels with train until she finds the answer of this question in the face of the death. Zhou Yu’s Train sets the question was her love relationship with Zhang Qiang a reality, represents the new status of poets and women in Chinese society in Modern China.
Maglev, short for magnetic levitation, is a new system being used in the design of train railways. These maglev trains are using electromagnetically-driven systems to achieve high –speed transportation. These trains move through electromagnetic propulsion, levitating over a guideway.
During the late 1970's, the world of diagnostic imaging changed drastically due to the introduction of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, also known as MRI. For over 30 years, they have grown to become one of the most significant imaging modalities found in the hospitals and clinics ("EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES AND FACULTY INFORMATION"). During its ancient days, these machines were referred to as NMRI machines or, “Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging.” The term “nuclear” comes from the fact that the machine has the capability of imaging an atom's nucleus. Eventually, the term was dropped and replaced with just MRI, because “nuclear” did not sit well with the public view ("EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES AND FACULTY INFORMATION"). Many people interpreted the machine to produce an excess amount of radiation in comparison to the traditional X-ray machine. What many of them were unaware of, MRI does not disperse a single ounce of ionizing radiation making it one of the safest diagnostic imaging machine available to this date. MRI machines actually use strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce high quality images consisting of precise details that cannot be seen on CT (Computed Tomography) or X-ray. The MRI magnet is capable of fabricating large and stable magnetic fields making it the most important and biggest component of MRI. The magnet in an MRI machine is measured on a unit called Tesla. While regular magnets commonly use a unit called gauss (1 Tesla = 10,000 gauss). Compared to Earth's magnetic field (0.5 gauss), the magnet in MRI is about 0.5 to 3.0 tesla range meaning it is immensely strong. The powerful magnetic fields of the machine has the ability to pull on any iron-containing objects and may cause them to abruptly move with great for...
The world of Model Train Building has grown greatly with the aid of computers and technology to enhance the fun of building. Technology has long been a part of Model Train building with the adding of lights, bells, and whistles to capture your interest and imagination. But with the latest generation of building comes the influx of technology and the computer. The computer brings along a new breed of builders who plan track layout, buy parts on the Internet, receive updated news, and chat with other enthusiast.
Magnets are everywhere! They are in telephones, computers, stereos, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, washing machines, cars, compasses, TVs, VCRs, your doorbell and many other places. The earth itself is also a magnet. The Greeks discovered a mineral over 2,000 years ago that attracted things that were made of iron. This mineral was found in a part of Turkey that was called Magnesia, so they called it magnetite. A magnet is any material that attracts iron or things made of iron. All magnets have two poles, exert force on each other, and are surrounded by a magnetic field.
The railroad industry is a mature market. The best option for growth is through mergers and acquisitions. By merging with Conrail, CSX would claim almost 70% of the Eastern market. By combining the rail networks CSX-Conrail would be able to offer long-haul routes between the Southern, Northeast, and Midwest ports. The combined entity would be able to consolidate overlapping operations which would reduce costs by an estimated $370 million by 2000. The cost savings would also be passed onto customers using the shorter routes between the Midwest and the South. By offering more competitive pricing an additional $180 million in operating income is expected through revenue increases. Part of this additional revenue is expected to be taken from Norfolk Southern.
Once revolution takes place, the tail members that were previously caged in the last car are abruptly released into the rest of Snowpiercer. As the revolution makes its way through successive compartments of the train, the train itself begins to reflect a live-action flowchart of the class system in a hierarchal society. The middle cars of the train are treated with extensive time in this section of the film, reflecting the actual density of the middle class in the social hierarchy. Bong Joon-ho’s concentration on the middle to upper class allows him to convey his message to what he sees as the bulk of a stratified class system. Again, Joon-ho plays with similar areas of film technique: setting, props, and color, to reveal the truth behind
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In the essay the “train switch dilemma” a single train car is rushing toward a group of five unknowing workers who cannot hear the train approaching. Another train worker (Alex) who is working at his summer job sees the train headed for the five workers but notices a rail switch which if pulled will divert the train to a different track, however if the rail switch lever is pulled it will kill the lone person working there. The rail switch presents the following moral dilemma: do nothing and five people die, or flip the switch and one person dies. In this essay, I will show why Alex should not pull the rail switch lever; that by doing so would be morally wrong. Making a choice that results in the intentional killing of one person is not the
The civil rights movement was a period during the 1960s where African Americans fought for social, educational, and political equality in a society that had degraded them for centuries. Demonstrations, marches, strikes, and protests all took place during the struggle for equal rights in the black community, and it was during the 1960s that African Americans began strongly push for voting rights while seeking to hold political positions and pressing for the integration of schools. This ultimately led to more social, educational, and political equality for African Americans in Memphis.
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