Since the publication of John Brown's article in 1798, we have learned an enormous about ancient Egyptian history. Some of what we have learned (certainly not all) includes (1) the English alphabet can be translated into hieroglyphics, therefore a new era of Egyptology started and lead to wonderful discoveries, such as Tut's tomb, and the hieroglyphic burial content that surround sarcophagi and tomb walls are readable, as is the Book of the Dead and hieroglyphic writings such as autobiographies and chronologies; (2) the dates of the Pharaonic Dynasties and kingdoms (i.e., Old, Middle, and New) which are now much more firmly established; (3) that the ability to interpret he historical inscriptions on great monuments (e.g., Thutmose III defeating his enemies as depicted on the Temple of Amun-Re at Karnak)-- most surviving records come from the New Kingdom, and many "historical" inscriptions on stela, walls, and columns were determined to be propaganda, not objective history; (4) the ability to read and administrative Documents, which shed light on priestly duties and temple management, trials of grave robbers, medical & veterinary treatment, wills & other legal documents, and narratives of great construction and social order; and (5) the ability to decipher expedition records, wisdom & philosophic literature, stories & Egyptian legends so that a wide range of ancient Egyptian cultural experiences are now accessible to us. There were two key events the lead to the acquisition of this knowledge; these were (1) the discovery of, and then (2) the transliteration of the Rosetta stone into contemporary linguistic equivalents (e.g. English, French, and German). The Rosetta stone was found in 1799 near the town of Rosetta by French Eng... ... middle of paper ... ...to accommodate the flood into his timeframe, might John Brown have simply been trying to squeeze known dynastic history into a Biblical chronologist's framework, or is his a reasonable contemporary strategy for thinking about how similar dynasties can fit into a 2000-year period? John Brown argues that it was simultaneous dynasties ruling when there was no evidence to back it up and he only said that because of his religious views and he had to fit it in 2000 years to make it agree with creationism. John Brown was certainly a creationist; mathematical evidence from within his own document demonstrates this to be the case (3672 AM + 332, the year that objective history tells us that Alexander the Great conquered Greece= 4004.) So what we find is a marvelous example of 18th century revisionism that is made even more stunning in light of 21st century knowledge.
Hawass,Zahi. Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twentity-first Century. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2000.
Arguably one of the most important discoveries made regarding the historical and cultural study of ancient Egypt is the translation of the writing form known as hieroglyphics. This language, lost for thousands of years, formed a tantalizing challenge to a young Jean François who committed his life to its translation. Scholars such as Sylvestre de Sacy had attempted to translate the Rosetta Stone before Champollion, but after painstaking and unfruitful work, they abandoned it (Giblin 32). Champollion’s breakthrough with hieroglyphics on the Rosetta Stone opened up new possibilities to study and understand ancient Egypt like never before, and modern Egyptology was born.
Johnson, Paul The Civilization of Ancient Egypt (New York: Harper Collins Publishers 1978,1998 and 1999)
Assmann, Jan. The Mind of Egypt: History and Meaning in the Time of the Pharaohs.
The need for writing in Uruk was drastically different than that of the Egyptians, however. As evidenced at the archaeological site of Hierakonpolis, the Egyptian sy...
It was America mid 1850’s and slavery was a sensitive topic between the north and the south. It seemed slaves had no hope of ever changing America’s ways until a white man by the name of John Brown decided to stand up and fight for the abolishment of slavery, which has been said to be one of the major events leading up to the American Civil War. Browns actions were defended by himself claiming they were “consisting of God’s commandments” (Finkelman 2011). I will explain Brown’s deontological ethical perspective while preforming the actions for the abolishment of slavery.
Daily Life in Ancient Egypt was an excellent choice for this course. The information supplements the in-class lectures by providing sufficient information into the life of the mundane versus the life of the rulers and the pharaohs. It provides information that is clear and concise so the reader doesn’t need to dissect the information and gains a clear understanding of real life for the Ancient Egyptians. In addition, this book is a good reference for other classes in ancient civilizations as well as a reference
John Brown was an American abolitionist, born in Connecticut and raised in Ohio. He felt passionately and violently that he must personally fight to end slavery. This greatly increased tension between North and South. Northern mourned him as a martyr and southern believed he got what he deserved and they were appalled by the north's support of Brown. In 1856, in retaliation for the sack of Lawrence, he led the murder of five proslavery men on the banks of the Pottawatomie River. He stated that he was an instrument in the hand of God. On October 16, 1859, he led 21 men on a raid of the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. His plan to arm slaves with the weapons he and his men seized from the arsenal was thwarted, however, by local farmers, militiamen, and Marines led by Robert E. Lee. Within 36 hours of the attack, most of Brown's men had been killed or captured. Brown was hanged on Dec. 2, 1859. He became a martyr for many because of the dignity and sincerity that he displayed during his popular trial. Before he was hanged he gave a speech which was his final address to the court that convicted him. And he was thankful to Bob Butler for letting him send that text in electronic form. "This court acknowledges, too, as I suppose, the validity of the law of God. I see a book kissed, which I suppose to be the Bible, or at least the New Testament, which teaches me that all things whatsoever I would that men should do to me, I should do even so to them. It teaches me, further, to remember them that are in bonds as bound with them. I endeavored to act up to the instruction. I say I am yet too young to understand that God is any respecter of persons. I believe that to have interfered as I have done, as I have always freely admitted I have done, in behalf of his despised poor, I did not wrong but right. Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingles my blood further with the blood of my children and with the blood of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments, I say let it be done." (http://members.
John Brown, a abolitionist, believed that the use of violence was necessary to end slavery unlike most pacifist abolitionists. Brown resorted to violence on several occasions in his mission to destroy slavery. He organized a small army of slavery opposers, which included many of his family members and relatives to carry out his mission. For instance, Brown and his men attacked the pro-slavery settlers in Pottawatomie Creek during the "Bleeding Kansas" period of violent tension between anti-slavery free staters and slavery supporters. Brown and his men murdered five pro-slavery settlers in Pottawatomie Creek. Brown and his small army also attacked the federal armory in 1859 at Harpers Ferry in Virginia, and took control of the armory. Brown
Just who was this man that could make southern mobs attack northerners, regardless of their views of slavery and make the fear of slave insurrection strengthen? His name is John brown and one might say that this former slave and black abolitionist just wanted to end slavery by causing violence between the north and the south. But to his men, his only intention was to start a general slave insurrection. For example he went to Harper 's Ferry and raided an armory with the intention of starting an armed slave army. Soon Brown became doubtful of this plan a couple of months into it and as he warned his co conspirators that it might fail. But even if it failed he would hope that it would lead to the destruction of slavery. After getting caught and
Scott, N. The Daily Life of the Ancient Egyptians. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, New Series, Vol. 31, No. 3, The Daily Life of the Ancient Egyptians (Spring, 1973), pp. 123-170
The term “Rosetta stone” is now used idiomatically to represent crucial information when decoding language. This colloquial use is certainly accurate; The Rosetta Stone played a key role in our understanding of hieroglyphs, and without it we might never comprehend ancient Egyptian culture.
The ancient Egyptians were people of many firsts. They were the first people of ancient times to believe in life after death. They were the first to build in stone and to fashion the arch in stone and brick. Even before the unification of the Two Lands, the Egyptians had developed a plow and a system of writing. They were accomplished sailors and shipbuilders. They learned to chart the cosmos in order to predict the Nile flood. Their physicians prescribed healing remedies and performed surgical operations. They sculpted in stone and decorated the walls of their tombs with naturalistic murals in vibrant colors. The legacy of ancient Egypt is written in stone across the face of the country from the pyramids of Upper Egypt to the rock tombs in the Valley of the Kings to the Old Kingdom temples of Luxor and Karnak to the Ptolemaic temples of Edfu and Dendera and to the Roma...
Maspero, Gaston. Manual Of Egyptian Archaeology And Guide To The Study Of Antiquities In Egypt. 1895. Print.
The literature of Ancient Egypt is the result of a four thousand year period. Hieroglyphic, demotic and hieratic are the three types of writing it was written in. The characters first consisted of pictures of objects, and ...