Genetic Enhancement and Politics Since the beginning of organized government there has always been a clash between science and politics. Whether it is as complicated as a new drug's detainment of federal approval or whether it is as commonplace as the social acceptance of a new medical procedure, politics has performed an integral part in the formation of science; this integrated unit is what greatly affects most of the society at large. Thus, it is no surprise the scientific discussion of genetic engineering is peppered with political rhetoric. Before entering into a discussion of genetics and politics, a few scientific definitions are essential to fully understand the arguments which will be presented. First, genetic engineering is the manipulation of heredity or the hereditary material; its goal is to "replace the activity of a defective gene by activating a dormant gene which has a similar function" (Suzuki & Knudtson, 135). There are two types of cells involved when discussing genetic engineering, somatic cells and germ-line cells. The first, somatic cells, are also known as "body" cells for they are short-lived and bounded by the life span of the individual patient. These "body" cells are not used in reproduction, and therefore not considered eugenic. For clarification purposes, eugenic is the "science which deals with all the influences tat improve and develop the inborn qualities of a race to the utmost advantage" (Suzuki & Knudtson, 213). The second type of cell associated with genetic engineering is the germ-line cell. Germ-line cells, also known as the reproductive cells, are passed on through the reproductive cycles. Since this type of cell has the ability to permanently alter a specific char... ... middle of paper ... ...re Vol. 374: "Pope condemns `immoral' embryo research." 6 April 1995; 489. Fletcher, John C. Introduction to the Virginia ELSI Project; "Preparing for the New Genetics: Education of Professionals;" University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville, VA. Gavaghan, Helen. Nature Vol. 374: "Gene therapy approval may be rocky road for industry." 16 March 1995; 202. Rogers, Arthur. The Lancet Vol. 344: "European bioethics convention stalled again." 9 Julty 1994; 118. Singer, Peter and Deane Wells. Making Babies: The New Science and Ethics of Conception. Charles Scribner's Sons, NY; 1985. Suzuki, David and Peter Knudtson. Genethics: The Clash Between the New Genetics and Human Values. Harvard University Press; Cambridge, Mass; 1989. Wheale, Peter R. and Ruth M. McNally. Genetic Engineering: Catastrophe or Utopia? St. Martin's Press, NY; 1988.
Roediger III, H. L., Watson, J. M., McDermott, K. B., & Gallo, D. A. (2001). Factors that determine false recall: A multiple regression analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(3), 385-407.
...nd an athlete. These meetings are a big hit and I feel relieved that they know I care about them as individuals outside of athletics.
...pporting details. At the conclusion of the article, the authors share their thoughts on how it might be virtually impossible to determine when a memory is true or false. I also like their willingness to continue the investigations despite how difficult it might be to obtain concrete answers.
Research has shown that 87% of young people will experience the death of a peer during adolescents and the numbers are increasing. There are many mitigating circumstances and contributing factors on how and why teen grieve. Research indicates that the peer's relationships often seem more significant to teens than family relationships (Cook & Oltjenbruns, 2004, p. 305). Also taking into consideration is that teen grief varies according to their personality and the particular relationship they had with the deceased,such as the death of a close teen may evoke more intense grief than the death of a grandparent (Schuurman, 2003, p. 1). The death or loss of a friend can be especially profound, due to the fragility of the youthful ego (Cook & Oltjenbruns, p. 306).
To date, engineers are very important in our society. They have great success in various fields such as medicine, robotics, genetic engineering, and many others. From a scientific point of view, engineers are looking for the best tools and equipment to create the perfect product. Engineers focus on improving productivity and reducing costs associated with the various aspects of production. Engineering is the way out of problems, usually with relating to the environment. Genetic engineering makes it possible for a future, free from any disease. Today, genetic engineering allows you to change anything for the better of effecting the gene level. Most people think the use of genetic engineering - is an excellent idea to improve the world, because we can get better products. However, people do not think about the possible problems that may arise in the future using genetic engineering.
Throughout the course of human history, new technological advancements have always created opposing views, and conflict between the different groups that hold them. Today, one of the greatest technological controversies is over the morals and practicality of genetically modifying crops and animals. Reasons for doing so vary from making them more nutritious to making plants more bountiful to allowing organisms to benefit humans in ways never before possible. Genetic engineering is a process in which genes within the DNA of one organism are removed and placed into the DNA of another, a “…reshuffling of genes…from one species to another” (Steinbrecher qtd. in Epstein). However, uncertainty about the practice has resulted in several groups who argue for its future. Some believe that genetic engineering should be encouraged to its greatest potential, others argue that the cons of genetic engineering greatly outweigh any benefits and feel it should be entirely banned, while a final group feels genetic engineering should be continued but only under much more strict moderation and regulation.
Coker, Jeffrey Scott. "Genetic Engineering Is Natural and Should Be Pursued." Genetic Engineering, edited by Noël Merino, Greenhaven Press, 2013. Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints in Context,
Each year thousands of teenagers experience the death of someone they love. When a parent, sibling, friend, or relative dies, teens feel the overwhelming loss of someone who helped shape their -fragile self-identities. Caring adults, whether parents, teachers, counselors or friends, can help teens during this time. If adults are open, honest and loving, experiencing the loss of someone loved can be a chance for young people to learn about both the joy and pain that comes from caring deeply for others. There are many common reactions to trauma, grief, and bereavement among teens. First of all, shock and denial. Feeling numb, stunned and dazed are healthy and normal reactions. Often, it is difficult to “take in” information. The grieved may not have an appetite. People often feel completely exhausted, yet unable to sleep. The reverse may occur where people sleep most of the time. Feelings may range from fear and anxiety to guilt and depression. There are time some may feel they are going crazy. It is healthy to express true feelings in this stage. Some people find relief in crying and or talking to someone.
Children find it hard to make sense of reality, organizing the chaos and reconstructing normal. They see death and grief like the loss of meaning that is dependent on a relationship. As the child and adolescents grief, they seem to be constructing new reality and normality. As the teenagers and children grow, they are always in the business of establishing and making meaning to their life. This is their basic life and death, and loss of the loved ones disrupts this development. As they work to create their sense of self, at the same time existing as dependents, thus the loss, due to death is often devastating to them and their development in general.
The grief of adolescents and that of adults is different in the sense that older people have the power to reach for the help they may need in the form of counseling, support groups or church. On the contrary, teenagers do not have the capacity to seek sympathy, understanding, and comfort
Atkinson, R.C. & Shiffrin, R.M. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control process.
Tulving, E. and Craik, F. (2000) The Oxford handbook of memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Imagine a utopian society which does not have all the health risks which are prevalent today. Continue to imagine many of the world’s problems, some of which include world hunger, sickness, and overpopulation disappear. In reality, many people are affected by these predicaments, especially children and the elderly. Without these devastating problems, premature death would become a thing of the past. There would no longer be starving children or chronically ill people. The cure to cancer and other harmful diseases can be found. There is a possible answer to all these problems which will be developed in the near future. These dilemmas may be fixed by a method known as genetic engineering, a branch of biotechnology. Biotechnology is using biology for an industry and genetic engineering is changing the characteristics of an organism by modifying its DNA. These organisms are also commonly known as a GMO, a genetically modified organism. Through this technique, more nutritious crops can be created which can benefit society. Even though in reality, this method may be hard to believe, it may be a possibility in the near future. However, many people disagree with the practices of this science and are often a target in political debates. The act of genetically modifying foods has been thought to being dangerous to peoples’ health along with decreasing biodiversity. Politics influence the research and development of biotechnology through the many differing perspectives of bioethics, the question of how to support a growing human population, the treatment of patients using controversial methods, and the economic impact is has nationally and globally.
In dress up whether it's alone or with another peer, is a way of acting out how they see "grown-ups" in the real world acting. With other children, they may assume roles as police officers, firefighters, construction workers, and may even pretend play at going to work or grocery shopping. These Various pictures being demonstrated show young children dressing up in different costumes and/or outfits to represent a variety of careers that educated adults undergo in their lives. According to an article titled George Herbert Mead, Play, and Recess; Mead believed that play "consists of isolated, disjointed episodes, even though specific actions within a play episode are interrelated and connected with one another." This simply means that the child becomes immersed in their play and does not pay attention to anything that is happening around them. These pictures I have chosen show a child dressed in a suit as a construction worker, possibly imagining what it would be like, or feel like to pursue a job like that.
Today, Americans are faced with the increasing change of technology in our everyday life. Sometimes the change happens and we do not realize how it affects our lives. I think it is always a good idea to talk to someone that is older than yourself, like your grandparents to remind you of the times in their younger years. Hopefully, that will open your eyes to the changes we face in this generation and the generation to come. In this chapter, the author explores the relationship of changing technology to changes in both the environment and social institutions.