The Industrial Revolution
Imagine living in a world in which rights governed society. The people participate in a free market, and property is seen as "an inviolable and sacred right" that cannot be taken away.(1) This glorious idea is called liberalism. Liberalism emerged whole-heartedly during the Nineteenth-century Industrial Revolution. Followers of liberalism believe in the rights of the individual, especially the right to property. Early in its developement, this idea caused deep clashes between the middle class, called the bourgeoisie, and the working class, called the proletariat. These clashes created opposition to the liberal movement; communism became the supporter of this opposition.
Many philosophers pushed the development of liberalism. The most persuasive were Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and John Stuart Mill. Smith is often considered the founder of liberalism. Smith "looked forward to a new world, which would escape the sophistry and meanness of medieval Christian thought, but would recourse to...authoritarian political oppression."(2) Smith wanted to make profits with little risk involved. He also believed a constitutional government would prevent government intervention with markets. Free markets allowed for more and cheaper goods, and they would benefit the greatest amount of people the greatest amount of the time. This was called laissez-faire. Smith also believed the state should be responsible for the "stipends of the priests."(3) This was government intervention of an individual right, freedom of religion. Because of Smith's beliefs towards religion, he was somewhat unpopular among Nineteenth-century liberals. These liberals chose to disregard Smith as the founder and preferred to regard David Ricardo...
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...irtue; The Moral and
Political Foundations of The Wealth of Nations, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), 193.
- Athol Fitzgibbons, Adam Smith's System of Liberty Wealth. and Virtue, 159.
- Donald Kagan, Steven Ozment and Frank M. Turner, The Western Heritage, Brief Edition,
Volume II, (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1996), 523.
- Rogers, Aspects of Western Civilization, 141.
- Rogers, Aspects of Western Civilization, 141.
- Rogers, Aspects of Western Civilization, 125.
- Rogers, Aspects of Western Civilization, 126-7.
- Kagan, The Western Heritage, 519.
- Dr. Darrow. Lecture notes. 10/2
- Dr. Darrow. Lecture notes. 10/14
- Karl Marx, "The Communist Manifesto," in Sources for the Humanities: Hisotory and
Religious Studies, First ed., 48.
- Kagan, The Western Heritage, 515.
- Rogers, Aspects of Western Civilization, 30.
America had a huge industrial revolution in the late 1800”s. Many changes happened to our great nation, which factored into this. The evidence clearly shows that advancements in new technology, a large wave of immigrants into our country and new views of our government, helped to promote America’s huge industrial growth from the period of 1860-1900.
The Industrial Revolution has been viewed as the most effective events in the history of our economic world. The Industrial Revolution was a great era for the world. It represented major change from 1760 to the years of 1820-1840. The revolution was born in Great Britain and affected everything from industrial manufacturing processes to the life of the public. The public did suffer harsh trials through the Industrial Revolution
The time period a person lives in greatly impacts his actions, thoughts and beliefs. The second Industrial Revolution signifies a time of change, education and reform. The second Industrial Revolution can be dated between 1870 and 1914. When industries emerge and new opportunities are open, mass immigration can be found. The industrial revolution provokes new inventions, factories, transportation, communication, politics, women’s rights and urban life. In the early 1900s, there was segregation and discrimination between races. In addition, during the years between 1914 and 1918, World War One erupted. Between 1929 and 1933, the Great Depression took place and lastly between 1941 and 1945- World War Two occurred.
Introduction The industrial revolution took place between 1750 and 1850 all round the world. In this essay it describes the changes made in Middlesbrough in this period and how the managed to cope with the surge of people coming into Middlesbrough. Everything changed in Middlesbrough in the Industrial Revolution like mining, transport, agriculture and even technology. Population grew at great rate as there was plenty of work and cheap labour was readily available.
The Industrial Revolution in Britain’s history is marked as the period of great development that led to the modern era of growth, improved living standards and technology. Moreover, this revolution was not just limited to Britain; it affected the rest of Europe and America in the same positive manner. Due to the Industrial Revolution’s success in many countries, it is now commonly cited as the surest way for a country to develop. In economics, goals of a developed country are high production of goods, high Gross Domestic Product (GDP), low unemployment and sustained growth; during an Industrial Revolution all these are achieved. However, despite the main goal of IR to improve living standards for the population, the actual success when weighed against the social cost is debatable. It is accepted that IR improved the living standards of many; it created a new class, which Marx called the “bourgeoisie”, who had control over wealth, decisions and helped improve the lives of many others. However, many historians view this new class as “rapacious landlords and conscienceless capitalist[s]” [9] who exploited the working class for their own benefit. For a majority of “the working class… ‘Industrial Revolution’ … must have appeared… as a gigantic and cruel experiment, which, insofar as it was affecting their house, their health, their subsistence and their pleasure, was proving a calamitous failure” [9]. Therefore, this group will be examined to determine more general effects of IR on the society.
It began as a muddy pool, which was the meaning of the city’s original name: Liuerpul. Liverpool, located in England, was found by King John during 1207. It was known for being a port town, which was used to send soldiers and supplies to the Irish Sea during the conquering of Ireland by England. As years passed, King John divided the land and allowed people to establish houses and to start living. Later, they were given more freedom to start their own organizations. Over the next centuries, population grew and fell constantly because of poverty and famine. The economy wasn’t stable enough to give the city a proud name. It was not until the years between 1760 and 1850, when a big era hit the city of Liverpool, called Industrial Revolution. It became a success because of new technology that was invented to increase the population and secure its safety. Liverpool's industrialization became a success because new ideas and inventions affected the size of population and development of Liverpool.
The industrial revolution was the most important, which started around the eighteenth century towards the nineteenth century in Europe. This great event was the fastest spreading event in human history. The capacity of economy and population growth was unexpected especially at the areas in which it flourished. The industrial revolution benefited almost everyone around the world and brought about new social classes, large cities and many new innovations including medical discoveries especially in Britain as it based it is scientific innovations on experiments and practical work rather than theories and logic.
The Industrial Revolution is the name given to the movement in which machines changed people's way of life as well as their methods of manufacture. About the time of the American Revolution, English People began to use machines to make cloth and steam engines to run the machines. Sometime later they invented locomotives. Productivity began a steep climb. By 1850 most Englishmen were laboring in industrial towns and Great Britain had become the workshop of the world. From Britain the Industrial Revolution spread gradually throughout Europe and to the United States.
The economy of many nations was grounded on the putting-out system and the cottage-industry, prior the arrival of the Industrial Revolution. Nevertheless following the 17th century, the innovation of the steam engine revolutionized the energy possibility of man. Europe’s cities experienced an upsurge of growth due to this machine. In addition, laissez-fare capitalism was introduced and started to be implemented by numerous governments. As a response of this technical progression and economic revolution, particular altercations occurred fundamentally, and played a negative effect on the criteria of life for the urban and rural working classes. The negative effects caused by these fundamental changes on both working classes played out economically, socially, as well as on the workplace conditions.
The Second Industrial Revolution brought unity and prosperity to the once uneconomical Europe. Products such as railroads, coal, iron, and textiles, as well as the discovery of electricity, and use of chemicals, petroleum, and steel, are all contributes to what is referred to as the Second Industrial Revolution. These products brought improvement and advancement to all social classes.
When large production and technological innovation arose, change was created in social and economic lives. Before industrialization began, there were only two classes know, the rich and the poor. However, after industrialization, there were the middle working class and the rich. The rich were mainly factory owners and the middle workers were people from farms who migrated to the city to gain a better life and better work. Economically, industrialization made production increase. There was more than one source where people can go buy their goods and therefore, an increase in competition for the better product began. Then came the development of railroads and trains that helped workers get job opportunities. That is why industrialization has been and would be an important part of history.
Going to work for a full day isn’t much fun after working fifteen hours the day before! 60-70 hour work days are never pleasant in anybody’s mind. How is it that so many people did this during the Industrial Revolution? Was it because they wanted the extra money? Or was it because they wanted the high political or economic status? For some people these were the reasons, but for most it was because of one concern. Survival! The Industrial Revolution greatly changed the workplace and the proletarians.
Life drastically changed during the industrial revolution. People were living in germ infested, crowded and very unhealthy conditions, much like the places where they work. Women and children worked in harsh conditions for almost whole days and only received little pay. The British Parliament stepped in and limited child labor. This sparked a revolt. People, especially wealthy capitalists, wanted the government to stay out of its issues, called the laissez-faire system5. Many people opposed the laissez-faire system, saying the capitalists would gain too much power and people would be mistreated. The laissez-faire system was disregarded after a few years.
The Industrial Revolution during 1760 to 1820 in Great Britain was a burgeoning period. The revolution brought massive benefits and changes on socioeconomic and cultural conditions. Firstly, it pushed the development of socioeconomic, and also released a great amount of working opportunity. At second his extraordinary change made the communication and transportation more efficient. Lastly, this revolution it made the production of agriculture boost, and fewer workers were needed in farm work. The Great Britain Industrial Revolution assisted the growth of agriculture, communication, transportation and socioeconomic.
The Industrial revolution was a time of drastic change and transformation from hand tools, and hand made items to machine manufactured and mass produced goods. This change helped life, but also hindered it as well. Pollution, such as CO2 levels in the atmosphere, rose, working conditions declined, and the number of women and children working increased. The government, the arts, literature, music and architecture and man's way of looking at life all changed during the period. Two revolutions took place, both resulting in productive but also dire consequences.