Dioxin is a kind of POPs and 90% of dioxin in the atmospheric environment comes from urban and industrial waste incineration. Wood, oil products and all kinds of wastes, especially the medical waste which contain gasoline and coal, are easy to produce dioxins in the burning temperature. Polyvinyl chloride plastic, paper, chlorine and some pesticide production, and steel smelting can release dioxins to the environment. There are three main ways of causing dioxins, first, in the burning process of vinyl chloride, when the burning temperature is lower than 800 ℃, chlorine garbage cannot completely burn, which is easy to generate dioxins. Secondly, other materials containing chlorine and carbon such as paper, wood products, and food scraps generate dioxins with catalyst action of copper, cobalt and other metal ions. Thirdly, dioxin is derivatized in manufacturing chemicals, including pesticides, especially chlorine chemical substances, like pesticides, herbicides, wood preservative, deciduous agent, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other products. In addition, if the TV is not cleaned in time, dust piled up in the TV is usually detected bromide dioxins. And the content is higher, with the average 4.1 micrograms of brominated dioxins per gram. Although dioxin comes from local, its environmental distribution is global. Almost all the media in the world have been found with dioxins. The place where these compounds accumulate worst is in the soil, sediments and food, especially dairy products, meat, fish and shellfish (Griffin, 1986). Its content is very low in plants, water and air.
Dioxins mainly pollute the air, soil and water, and then pollute animals, plants and aquatic organisms. People are hurt mainly through the air, water, an...
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... pg, and many national standards were 10 pg, U.S. environmental protection agency’s standard was 0.01 pg, and some countries set other goal standard besides this standard. Several suggestions mentioned above are inseparable from the monitoring, which suggests that dioxin analysis is the basic link of dioxin pollution prevention.
Works Cited
Andersen, M. E., Mills, J. J., Gargas, M. L., Kedderis, L., Birnbaum, L. S., Neubert, D., & Greenlee, W. F. (1993). Modeling Receptor‐Mediated Processes with Dioxin: Implications for Pharmacokinetics and Risk Assessment. Risk analysis, 13(1), 25-36.
Griffin, R. D. (1986). A new theory of dioxin formation in municipal solid waste combustion. Chemosphere, 15(9), 1987-1990.
Mocarelli, P., Brambilla, P., Gerthoux, P. M., & Needham, L. L. (1997). Change in sex ratio with exposure to dioxin. The Lancet, 348(9024), 409.
This last process is significant not only because it brought dioxin the current notoriety but it also is a chemical process used to make products that were used and are still been used in many applications. These applications include pesticide, herbicide, defoliating agent such as Agent Orange, cleaning agent and electrical insulation. Consequently, human exposure to dioxin is not a recent phenomenon and the dangers of dioxin are not unknown. Only in recent years, especially after the Vietnam War, has the media concentrated on the dangers and impact of dioxin.
Orange and Cancer"). The chemical was sprayed from airplanes on trees, base perimeters, roadways, and communication lines. It was also sprayed by riverboats and trucks (committee, 74). Agent Orange is a dioxin herbicide containing Dichlorophenoxyacetic and Trichlorophenoxyacetic acids. "Dioxin is the most toxic and most durable chemical mankind has developed so far" ("Vietnamese"). Both acids are highly toxic and considered mutagens ("Toxipedia"). Trichlorophenoxyacetic is considerabl...
Pollution prevention includes any method which reduces the amount of toxic substances used and which minimizes waste streams. The laboratory uses solvents, reagents, and standards that are frequently toxic. Some of these substances may escape into the atmosphere by evaporation, and some are carried out of the laboratory by the fume hood system. Minimizing the quantity of the substances used and minimizing their exposure to the atmosphere are important in pollution prevention. Containers of samples, standards, solvents, and reagents shall be kept closed if possible.
The reason that this dioxin is so dangerous is that the “dioxin is persistent organic pollutant that is toxic over many decades, is not water-soluble and does not degrade easily. Clinging to soil particles carried by water runoff from spills or sprayed areas downstream into the sediments of lakes or streams; it is consumed by mollusks, fish and waterfowl, easily entering the human food chain.” It is chemically stable and is retained in the human fatty tissue. If it is detected early it can be treated by surgery or medication but usually if it is found to late then it can’t be treated (make agent orange
Disinfection is applied in water as well as wastewater treatment as a finishing step so as to destroy pathogens but the cause of concern regarding the disinfection process is the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Natural organic matter (NOM) in water has been considered as the predominant DBP precursors. Disinfectants are powerful oxidants that oxidize the organic matter present in water forming DBPs. Chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramines are the most common disinfectants used nowadays and each produces its own suite of chemical DBPs in finished drinking water (Richardson, 2003). DBPs so formed pose a threat to human health because of their potential to cause cancer and reproductive/developmental effects. Most developed nations have regulated concentration of DBPs so as to minimize exposure to potentially harmful DBPs while maintaining adequate disinfection and control of targeted
Stephania A. Cornier, S. L. (2006). Origin and Helth Impacts of Emissons of Toxic By-Produts and Fine Particles from Combustion and Thermal Treatment of Hazardous Wastes. Environmental Health Perspectives, 810-817.
In May of 2014, EPA scientists said that their refusal to changing it is linked to cancer risk. In Europe, they decided that a certain dioxin level is safe, and it is much higher than EPA standards.
Case Study - Corporate Obstacles to Pollution Prevention. Overview This case focuses on corporate obstacles to pollution prevention. Pollution prevention can be complex, especially for large corporations. There are many different forms of pollution prevention, including emissions control devices and incremental changes in existing technology.
During recent years, numerous newspaper and magazine articles have suggested that humans may be at risk because small amounts of well known environmental contaminants, such as dioxin, PCBs and DDT, can affect hormone levels. Hormones are produced by the endocrine system as regulators of biological function in target organs. Because hormones play a critical role in early development, toxicological effects on the endocrine system often have an impact on the reproductive system. The term endocrine disruptor is used to describe chemicals that can mimic hormones and may either enhance or counteract their effects. It has been suggested that these hormone changes can, in turn, lead to a variety of health problems including cancer, decreased fertility, and abnormalities in newborns.
Chemical pollution into the environment can cause both genotypic and phenotypic changes in many organisms, including humans. More specifically, environmental pollutants like BPA can act as xenoestrogens (estrogen imitators), ultimately affecting hormonal activity and production in an organism. This alteration in activity and production can be termed as endocrine disruption. The endocrine system regulates a variety of processes responsible for growth and development, including gonadal formation and function, digestion, metabolism, sex differentiation, and embryonic development (reviewed by Flint et al., 2012). Chemicals that interfere with the function or structure of the endocrine system can be defined as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2007).
Environmental pollution produces bacteria which results as diseases and disorders in humans, animals, agricultural plantations. The process of pollution occurs when toxins are released into the ground water from landfill sites, this pollution stays in the environment for hundreds of years, while they break dow...
that can endanger the health of human beings, plants, and animals, or that can damage
Factories and transportation depend on huge amounts of fuel--billions of tons of coal and oil are consumed around the world every year. When these fuels burn they introduce smoke and other, less visible, by-products into the atmosphere.
Contamination of Water and Air. Urbanization enhances the proliferation of industries, automobiles, and agricultural practices. Most toxic air contaminants are produced as we endeavor to fuel our homes, automobiles, factories, energy production facilities, and might also be discovered in indoor cleansing mixtures, and construction supplies. Furthermore pollutants found in gasoline, dry cleaning services, and paint thinners and strippers; som...
There are several kinds of toxins and pollutants in the air, which contribute to the serious environmental issue of air pollution. One of those major toxins is dioxin, a highly toxic compound...