Introduction.
The dynamics of the post-cold war global situation has cause a shift in the perception of threat, which was originally oriented to be a military threat, becomes multi-dimensional threat that includes aspects of political, economic, social and cultural, which then led to revolution in the nature of security. Besides that, with the risen of terrorism activities that began a few years ago as part of changes in generation warfare, many states has change their concept of security in order to protect and secure their nation. In short, security becomes national interest and scholars start to make another adjustment or changes on the concept of security. The changes was originally more state-centered security becomes people-centered security.
Before discussing about the useful and changes in the security concept, it is necessary to understand the meaning of security and the concept of security itself. The most frequently definition of security used by scholars is from Barry Buzan, in his book People, States, and Fear said that “security, in any objective sense, measures the absence of threat to acquired values, in a wiki sense, the absence of fear that such values will be attacked” (Buzan, 1991:4). Ayoob said that “security - insecurity is defined in relation to vulnerabilities - both internal and external - that threaten or have the potential to bring down or weaken state structures, both territorial and institutional, and governing regimes” (Ayoob, 1995: 9). Another notion, “... security implies both coercive means to check an aggressor and all manner of persuasion, bolstered by the prospect of mutually shared benefits, to transform hostility into cooperation” (Kolodziej, 2005: 25). Final, “security is not just a social ...
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...hange, London: Frank Cass.
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... the need of government to act whenever an issue threatens national security. Mechanisms should be put in place to ascertain the extent of the threat, and the acceptable measures of dealing with it.
Furthermore, writers use some example that how America’s security department defended terrorist events and improved in past ten years. Such as the Department of Homeland Security, it has blocked at last 86 terrorist activities. However, they didn’t give us any source to define the credibility of this information, although they may be true. Unlike Poladian’s essay, he provides some sources to help us find more information about the changes in different aspects, such as a quote from psychoanalyst, the change about immigration,
Glaser , C. L. (1997). The Security Dilemma Revisited. Cambridge University press, 50(1), 171-201. Retrieved from http://www.gwu.edu/~iscs/assets/docs/cg-docs/SecurityDilemma-WP-1997.pdf
After the tragedy of the eleventh September 2001, terrorism has become one of the most discussed and researched issues not only in the United States of America, but all over the world. Politicians and the military discuss reasons that lead to terrorism, as well as measures that should be taken to prevent it. This essay is aimed on analyzing an article devoted to the issue of terrorism and reasons for it. the article was written by Edward Newman in 2007. One can see even from the title of the article “Weak states, state failure and terrorism” the main reasons for terrorism. However, everything is not as simple as it may seem.
The topic of my paper is types of terrorism. There are several types of terrorism for which to choose for my paper, state, dissident, religious, left-wing v. right-wing, and international. In this paper I have chosen state terrorism, religious terrorism, and international terrorism as the types of terrorism that I am going to discuss. I will discuss what they are in my own words and give examples of two different groups for each type that represent that type of terrorism. Then I will compare and contrast the three types of terrorism that I chose.
Gilbert, P. (1994). Terrorism, security, and nationality an introductory study in applied political philosophy. London: Routledge.
Mingst, Karen A., and Jack L. Snyder. Robert Jervis, Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma. Essential Readings in World Politics. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print.
Wendt, Alexander. “Constructing International Politics.” International Security. Cambridge: President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. 71-81. Print.
Second in all things that happens in the United States today there are certain interests that we due to the national security strategy that will have us at risk. The one interest that can hve the nation at risk is the problem of the national security. In all that is going on in the country the problems of the security is a big issue do to the problems of trying to protct the country' allies and parnter. The protection if other puts us at a big risk that can have the country in an uproar trying to protect all nations at risk. In the Global trends 2030: Alternative Worlds the Gini out of the bottle inequalities explode as some countries become big winners and others fail. Inequalities within countries increase social tensions (National Intelligence Council, 2012). Without completely disengaging, we are no longer the “global policeman" (National Intelligence Council, 2012). In all the things that have happen since the united states was attacked the country has taken on more issue of protecting other countries from terrorism. In the idea of protecting others countries are seen us as people that srare push our idea on others. The use of being big brother to...
Counter-terrorism is a fairly new tactic that has emerged in the midst of escalation of non-state actors attacking nation-states in the protest of protecting world views as well as forward political ideologies in the interests of changes.
The end of the Cold War created an environment for the emergence of Constructivist and post-modern approaches to the concept of security, which enabled to address issues that were previously ignored by Realists. However, Michael Williams has argued that identity has not been missing from theorising prior to the end of...
The old understanding of security underlines the constant role of sovereign territorial nation states in international relations, despite the fact that it ignores the emergence of non-state actors and terrorist groups. Realism assumes that security is enforced by the use of power which is measured in terms of military capabilities. Therefore, state is the subject of security in the eyes of realists. However, after Cold War, there established a new understanding of security which accounts international associations, global health issues and concepts like migration and environment as a part of the international system, and as a part of the global security issues.Therefore, security is now have a broader meaning and it is not only about interstate conflicts anymore. In the traditional sense of security, states were to provide preservation and they were to solve problems through their military power; however, state is not a homogenous entity and it is part of a problem now.
Taking into account that states asses its strengths in order to adopt the most effective strategies to deal with potential menaces, westerns states understand the advantages of the aforementioned theory. The current threats that the Western world take into account are composed by local, regional and global menaces. To this paper it is essential recognise the scope of all of those elements that configure a threat to the West. Among many others there are drugs, crime, and terrorism, geo-strategic actors such as the Middle East and Russia, and growing powers such as China. These are complicated patterns that states need to strategically cope with. In fact, the security strategy from Western states is framed between the combination o...
Mingst, K. (2011). Essentials of international relations. (5th ed., p. 70-1). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company
People decided that the traditional concepts of national security were not enough, and did not necessarily reflect current values or the needs of the people. Traditional concepts of national security place the nation-state at the center of the playing field, and use military and economic power to protect the state’s political and physical sovereignty from external threats. Human security places individuals at the center of the playing field, and focuses on issues that are both transnational and local.