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theory of industrial relations system
theory of industrial relations system
explain industrial relations system
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About 75 percent of the world’s toys come from China where migrant workers are paid averagely 240 dollars per month. Extreme poverty in the rural areas in China make people move to the urban areas in search of such employment. Michael Wolf, a German photographer, documented what he termed as The Real Toy Story which depicts what the life of workers is like as they make the world toys. The photos by Michael Wolf describe China’s grueling toy factories. The photographer visited 5 factories in China that is mainland China. In the factories, the labor is mainly migrant labor. The following research paper critically examines the feedback from the analysis by Michael Wolf in relation to Global Capitalism, Commodity Chains and manufacturing.
The migrant labor came as a result of the issuance of tight controls and regulations by the Chinese government with regards to migration between rural and urban areas. As a result, most people migrated to the cities illegally so as to search for employment. These regulations were associated with the hook system where the government tied welfare entitlements such as education, housing and health to one’s place of birth. However as the country’s economy transformed to a market economy, cheap rural; labor became very vital and integral in order to realize economic growth. As much as the Chinese government promised equal rights to all, most of the migrant workers have continued to work under very poor working conditions such as forced overtime, needless to note that they do not even have employment contracts or social security benefits. (Carter, 2007)
In the work places, the living and working conditions are extremely poor. There are up to 6
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people sharing very small and cramped dorms and...
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...perior introduction to the nature of the world’s labor laws, industrial relations system, and trade union structure. Given the atrociousness of the problems facing industrial relations system, and trade union structure, workers themselves are usually involved in the making of their own fate .Solidarity, some people might not be completely convinced that even the Wolf’s optimism is warranted. The building of a stronger labor movement nevertheless begins with an extremely accurate and concise understanding of conditions as they are presently, and with a vision of what exactly we would want them to be. Consequently, in both respects, the analyses succeeds as well as the present condition of the thousands and millions of workers all over the world who have greatly contributed
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to the tripling of the world’s labor force in the past decades and centuries.
In this paper by Scott Alan Carson, Carson writes about Chinese Sojourn Labor. Carson writes how institutional arrangements and labor market forces that interacted in the construction of America’s railroad led to the demand for Chinese Laborers. Carson writes more about these relationships and the work given to the Chinese than writing about the more personal details of the workers. For instance, Carson writes that because of land grants given by the government Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads earned more capital by completing more railway tracks. Carson also writes how the Chinese did the jobs no one else wanted to do, and they did them for lesser wages. Therefore, Carson writes specifically about the work of the Chinese and the factors that caused the hiring of Chinese more so than the personal aspects of the workers.
To conclude this analysis on the basis of the labor’s extensive history, Sloane & Witney (2010) propose, “it is entirely possible that labor’s remarkable staying power has been because of the simple fact that to many workers, from the nineteenth century to the present, there really has been no acceptable substitute for collective bargaining as a means of maintaining and improving employment conditions” (p.80). In the end, it is important to anticipate unions and employers presently work together to find solutions that will enhance collective bargaining strategies and practices to serve the interest of both parties.
Throughout the history of the United States of America the continuation of misfortunes for the workforce has aggravated people to their apex, eventually leading to the development of labor unions.
Shanghai is one of the most cities with developed economy due to this many people come to the town to find work. During 1983 and 2000 years the number of migrant workers increased from 0.5 million people to 3.87 million people. A large percentage of migrant workers work on manufacturing (25.8%). 19.6% and 13.9% people earn money on construction and trade, respectively. In public organizations often work native citizens than immigrants. In the other spheres such as skill...
"A Dollar a Day" is a documentary that shows and discusses what it means to live in poverty . The theme or the main idea of "A dollar a day" is how people who do live in poverty get jobs and meet their basic needs, and how the people in this documentary show that even though they are poor, lack education ,healthcare and can’t make ends meet still strive to aquire thier basic needs with perseverance and alot of effort. Many people live in poverty and "A dollar a day" shows how some people who are poor make thier lives better while others aspire to reform the government and get better pay.The film "A Dollar a Day" is a good documentary that shows how people live in poverty .what is the cause of poverty and how we can fix the problem. This documentary shows us how people live in poverty and how they are not so different from us the middle class because we all share the same dream to have a job, a decent house and just live comfortably people like Wayne Petterson and Li-Jieli aspire to live like us.
Factories were known for their ill treatment of their employees, long hours and dirty and unsafe conditions. In 1866, unions started to form to improve working conditions for the workers. A fundamental problem faced by democratic societies is as long as people live their lives individually and go their separate ways and be selfish individuals, they are unlikely to meet collectively to resolve issues. There needs to be meaningful unity among people to alleviate this problem to get people obliged to one another, so there is a willingness to sacrifice for shared goals. Bonding of its citizens creates a democracy. Unions seemed to offer the middle class a chance to become a crucial part of fostering institutions of constitutional democracy. The unions have went through several transitions, but have always worked for the working force. I will discuss the history of the various unions, their wins and losses, and the struggle of the employee to achieve democracy in the workplace.
In addition to these street demonstrations, there were massive waves of workers’ strikes in the mines and steel mills. At first, the government tried to threaten the protesters; the Committee of National Defense announced preparations for a national state of emergency. By the determination of the workers, the Communist realized that talks with the unofficial trade union were unavoidable. The actions of the workers’ forced the Communist regime to begin talking about the trade union movement called Solidarity.... ... middle of paper ... ...(1989 Twenty Years
Under Capitalism, America's free market system offered opportunities of advancing personal interests for laborers while at the same time meeting the labor requirements of our economy. However, once the Chinese immigrants were in the country, capitalism yielded different results for them. The earliest Asian immigrants into any US territory were Chinese laborers in the Islands of Hawaii as early as 1836. These immigrants left a long-lasting impression on industrialists and wealthy European-American through their dedication and hard work (Takaki 21-23). Eventually this led to massive importation of Chinese labor to build everything from cities, bridges and even railroads throughout the rest of 19th century. Since owner can control or decides the labor wage, they had lowered the wage of those jobs to gain the maximum profit. In the west coast numerous Chinese laborers were massively imported as late as early 1900s to build cities. Eas...
As people immigrated to the United States, legally and illegally, particularly Hispanic workers, they began to look for jobs to provide for their families. They took jobs that Americans did not want: they accepted the low-paying, physically-demanding, and temporal agriculture jobs. Since many did not speak English and were uneducated, some even illiterate, they were easy targets for farm owners to exploit. Immigrant workers were often not paid, had low wages, and because of such conditions, some even died. In addition, they also lived and worked in appalling conditions, some workplaces did not even have suitab...
“There are at least 12.3 million persons in forced labour today” (www.ilo.org). A great number of the victims are poverty-stricken people in Asia, “whose vulnerability is exploited by others for a profit” (www.ilo.org).
Throughout American history, labor unions have served to facilitate mediation between workers and employers. Workers seek to negotiate with employers for more control over their labor and its fruits. “A labor union can best be defined as an organization that exists for the purpose of representing its members to their employers regarding wages and terms and conditions of employment” (Hunter). Labor unions’ principal objectives are to increase wages, shorten work days, achieve greater benefits, and improve working conditions. Despite these goals, the early years of union formation were characterized by difficulties (Hunter).
The causes of child labor are many, including poverty, poor education, limiting workers’ rights, poor laws for child labor, global competition, free trade rules, and structural a...
Traditional literature in the field of labor relations has focused immensely on its benefit towards the employer and in the process equating it to working rules. This has been so despite the field being expected to cover the process of, labor management, union formation, and collective bargain; all which are anticipated to create a positive employer-employee relationship. This relationship is said to be positive if there exist a balance between employment functions and the rights of the laborer. Also important to note, is that this relation is equally important to the public sector as it is to the private one. Therefore, to ensure a mutually conducive labor environment exists, effective labor management process and inclusive negotiation program should be adopted (Mulve 2006; Walton, 2008).
Foxconn has factories in Asia, Europe, Mexico and South America why is it that only China’s Foxoconn was in highlight and not any other country? While the Chinese factories happened to be the largest factories in China, these factories are also facilitated with dormitories and other infrastructure to host the workers and provide workers to go back at end of the 12 hour shift to relax and reenergize for the next shift. A quarter of the employees live in these so called dormitories. My Case study will analyze how the various news sources revealed the global sweatshop to the world and the reactions by the companies who were using Foxconn to manufacture electronic goods. The Chinese newspaper displayed Foxconn employees having social and psychological reasons leading to suicides whereas US news showed it as human rights violation. Both of them did not acknowledge the social justice and world economy aspects and steps that were taken by the electronics giants to rectify the problems that were being faced in Wuhan, China.
There are many different approaches and theories regarding industrial relations nowadays. In order to mount an opinion on which is the ‘best’ or most appropriate theory of industrial relations, each theory will have to be analyzed. The three most prevalent theories of industrial relations which exist are The Unitarist theory, The Pluralist theory and The Marxist theory. Each offers a particular perception of workplace relations and will therefore interpret such events as workplace conflict, the role of trade unions and job regulation very differently. I will examine each of these theories in turn and then formulate my own opinion regarding which is the ‘best’ or most appropriate theory.