English: The Influence Of English As A Global Language

English has been an insatiable borrower as termed by David Crystal (2010). Urdu is under the influence of English borrowing, resulting in many words of Urdu incorporated in English dictionaries. More than 120 languages endowed towards the present vocabulary of English. When languages contact each other, there is shift of linguistic items from one language to another due to the borrowing of words (Kachru, 1989). In cultural borrowing, there is all the time the probability that the connected words may be borrowed, too (Edward Sapir, 1921). The term ‘borrowing’ relates to the embracing of individual words or even large sets of vocabulary items from another language or dialect (Hock, 1986).

Urdu as an oriental language possesses the past of a

It even grasped the areas where it was not before. Due to its cosmopolitan vocabulary, inflectional simplicity and natural gender, it became an international language by the end of the century.

No language has ever enjoyed such pervasive popularity as English and we can say that it really is a global language. One can say that this is the truly global language. Approximately about 300 million people speak English as a second language, and an additional 100 million people speak it confidently as a foreign language. “Approximately 1000 million or one billion people around the world have some knowledge of English either as a native language, as a second language, or as a foreign language”. (M.S Thirumalai, 2002).

Urdu came across English when the British entered India. This relationship between the sub-continent and the British began in the early seventeenth century when East India Company was established in the sub-continent with its much broader vision and long term goals to rule the sub-continent so they had the entire India in

Firstly, when the British tourists began coming to the sub-continent, both languages began influenced by each other in limited way, the words of goods were incorporated in both languages by the merchants. The next stage starts in the seventeenth century when the company secured powerful authority over the local politics. During this period words which entered Urdu language were related to politics along with the words from trade. The third stage initiates in the early eighteenth century when the British struggled to oust the Dutch, the French and the Portuguese from the sub-continent. English as a medium of education was started by them which affected Urdu even