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Political life in China
Political life in China
Social, political and economic changes in communist china
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The Readings for week 6 were largely organized around the theme of political developments in China. To assess political developments in China, one has to be clear with the range of the definition “political”. In my view, there are mainly two types of political developments in post-1978 China: administrative reform and electoral reform. Administrative reforms aim at providing more effective governance without essentially altering the political institutions. Such reform measures include the continuous reorganization and downsizing of departments in State Council, introduction of various regulations addressing problems in many industries (coal mining and food safety etc.), innovations on policy-making process, and also what Cai (2004) described as “managed participation”. As Cai’s paper showed, Chinese government’s effort on administrative reforms, such as the appealing system which is increasingly gaining importance, have severe limitations. In dealing with emerging problems via administrative reforms, the government falls into a reactive pattern of reform: resolving problems mostly only when they come about. In the case of appealing system, the government’s reactive management of citizen’s grievances and complaints appeared to be haphazard (there’s no clear standard or procedure determining whose appeal get reviewed and to what extent can concerns be addressed) and ineffective (the case-by-case style of problem solving can not match the flooding appeals). Moreover, central government’s predicament in treating appeals had only created bigger problem: on one hand, central government wish to gather information from appellants, on the other hand, they fear too much appealing will tarnish official image and lead to instability (demonst...
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...ther discussions to examine the relationship between democracy and corruption, economic growth and public governance. However, Pan’s prescription in later half was really ambiguous and perplexing. In designing independent systems of civil service, judiciary and corruption inspection, Pan failed to elucidate the mechanisms that ensure the independence of those systems. In particular, he was not clear with CCP’s position in his self-designed structure, how to make sure that CCP will abide the law and respect the independence of other systems? It seemed that in suggesting the consultative rule of law, Pan is looking forward to governance with aristocratic/oligarchic characteristics, but to ensure that elites will not exploit mass public and abide by the law in a sustainable and continuous fashion, consultation may only be enough for Philosophical King, not for elites.
The Political Turmoil of China From 1911 to 1927 There were many reasons why China slipped into political instability or turmoil between 1911 and 19287. There reasons include the questionable leadership of Yuan Shih Kai, the presence of the warlords, the One of the reasons was that questionable leadership of Yuan Shih Kai. When Yuan took over control from Sun Yat Sen as the President, he tried to revert to the monarchical system of rule. From 1912 until 1915, he ruled as a military dictator with the support of the army. His rule was already blemished with resistance and that demonstrated that the people did not quite accept him as the leader of China.
Ever since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the legitimacy of the revolution of which it was built upon has perennially been in question. For example, in a 1999 issue of the International Herald Tribune, a prestigious scholar claimed that all of China’s tragedies are ‘sustained by a mistaken belief in the correctness of the 1949 revolution’ and that the future progress of China depends on the recognition that the revolution was a failure. However, the CCP government was certainly not perfect and its most significant failures were its political failures such as the Anti-rightist movement and the Cultural Revolution and also economic failures such as the great leap forward. Millions of peoples were falsely accused and persecuted during the political movements of the Mao period as the CCP focused on class struggle instead of economic development during the period and tens of Millions of peoples died due to starvation as there were widespread food shortages during the great leap forward movement.
Mackerras, Colin. “June Fourth.” Dictionary of the Politics of the People’s Republic of China. 1st ed. 1998.
Everyday people in China are suffering from their government. From being wrongly accused to being executed for petty crimes. In a country where you cannot speak your opinions, talk poorly about government officials, speak about Chinese communist failures, or even browse the internet freely. China has kept its citizens in the void. One example is the great firewall of china, which sensors most social media and other sites. This essay will go into some individual stories of the Chinese government's unfair social injustices towards its people.
Communism is a system of government, a political ideology that rejects private ownership and promotes a classless, stateless society based on common ownership of all property and the means of production, where by all work is shared and all proceeds are commonly owned. Communism is practised in China, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos and Cuba. However most of the world’s communist governments have been disbanded since the end of World War II. Soon after the Japanese surrendered at the end of World War II, Communist forces began a war against the Kuomintang in China. The Communists gradually gained control of the country and on the 1st October, 1949, Mao Zedong announced the victory of the Communist party and the establishment of the People's Republic of China. China has been ruled by the Communist party ever since.
Whyte, M. K., (2010) ‘Do Chinese citizens want the government to do more to promote equality?’ In Gries, P. H., and Rosen, S., eds. 2010. Chinese Politics - State, society and the market. (Routledge, London and New York).
...u- nist states, China remains unified under a CCP-Ied state that is ever vigilant not only againstwestern attempts at "xihua" China- thatis, imposingwesternliber- al-democratic institutions on China, but also "fenhua" China - that is, disinte- gratingitbysupportingTaiwaneseindependenceoranyforms ofethnonationalist independent movement. The reform period starting in 1978 marked a dramatic rearticulation of class and nation in the political economy of Chinese development, and along with it, a radical reorientation of the class nature of Chinese nationalism and the devel- opment of a depoliticized neoliberal cultural politics of class and nation. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) and commercialized media - with TV at its core, but soon followed by computers and cell phones - have played instrumental roles in these processes (Zhao and Schiller 2001, Hong
ICL Document, (1988) . ICL- China Constitution: Retrieved March27, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/law/ch00000_.html
people on to the side of the CCP. The CCP’s victory was also down to
Kau, Michael Y. China in the Era of Deng Xiaoping: A Decade of Reform. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1993.
Zhao, S., (2003), ‘Political Liberalization without Democratization: Pan Wei’s proposal for political reform’ Journal of Contemporary China, 12(35): 333–355.
China's development is praised by the whole world. Its developments are not only in the economic aspect, but as well in its foreign affairs. Compared with other developed countries, China is a relatively young country. It began constructing itself in 1949. After 30 years of growth, company ownership had experienced unprecedented changes. Entirely, non-state-owned companies can now be more involved in sectors that used to be monopolized by state-owned companies.
corruption and equal protection under the law for citizens regardless of wealth via legal and judicial
Lieberthal, Kenneth (2003). Governing China: From Revolution to Reform. New York City: W.W.Norton and Company
Some people said that corruption is rampant in all governments, So that it is not unknown to any ethnic group, region and continent. It cuts across faiths, political systems, religious Denominations and affects both young and old people. Fraud can be found in public and authoritarian rule;...