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Use of technology in policing
Use of technology in policing
Use of technology in policing
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Policy Identification and Explanation
Public Law No. 107-56 Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act [USA PATRIOT Act] of 2001, Section 215 is responsible for access to records and other items under FISA, which stands for the Federal Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, this act was implemented during the George W. Bush administration after the September 11th terrorist attacks. These records can be, as listed in the original FISA document are “library circulation records, library patrons lists, book sales records, book customer lists, firearms sales records, tax return records and medical or educational records or anything that would identify a person” (FISA, 1978). Section 215 is simply the striking and replacement of section 501 and 502 of the Federal Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 which covers procedures for physical and electronic surveillance and collection of evidence (§). Section 215 is almost exactly the same as FISA sections 501-502, the thing that makes it different is that 215 allows records to be collected on United States person. This means citizens and lawfully admitted permanent resident aliens, and USA founded corporations originally excluded from the collection of these records (+++). FISA was intended for investigations against foreign powers only where as the USA PATRIOT act of 2001 can be used for national investigations against US citizens(++) . The process for gathering the information is still the same, with the first step being The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or a designee of the Director (whose rank shall be no lower than Assistant Special Agent in Charge making an application, which of the thousands o...
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...t – What You Should Know. http://boulderlibrary.org/about/patriot.html
Federal Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, Pub. L. No. 95-511.
Massimino, E and Cover, A. (2006). While Congress slept. Human Rights First, Vol. 33. Retrieved from American Bar Association
Richardson, M. (2013). The USA FREEDOM Act is real spying reform. American Civil Liberties Union: https://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security/usa-freedom-act-real-spying-reform
Stanford Edu. (2006). The ethics (or not) of massive governemtn surveillance. http://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/cs201/projects/2007-08/ethics-of-surveillance/legal.html
Weigel, D. (2005). When patriots dissent. Reason, Vol. 37, p32-38. Retrieved Academic Search Premier
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act [USA PATRIOT Act] of 2001, Pub. L. No. 107-56.
Financial records, library records, travel records, video rentals, phone records, medical records, and religious records can all be searched if the government states that the search is done to protect against terrorism. The act was passed after the 9/11 attack. Similarly to the Alien and Sedition Acts and the Espionage and Sedition Acts, the Patriot Act is a severe and controversial act passed in the wake of a severe and controversial event. This act is unconstitutional and disregards the personal liberties of the United States’ citizens.
Less than one week after the devastating terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the U.S.A. Patriot Act was introduced to Congress. One month later, the act passed in the Senate with a vote of 98-1. A frightened nation had cried for protection against further attacks, but certainly got more than they had asked for. Russell Feingold, the only Senator to vote down the act, referred to it as, “legislation on the fly, unlike anything [he] had ever seen.” In their haste to protect our great nation, Congress suspended, “normal procedural processes, such as interagency review and committee hearings,” and, “many provisions were not checked for their constitutionality, lack of judicial oversight, and potential for abuse.” Ninety-eight senators were willing to overlook key civil liberty issues contained within the 342 page act. The lone dissenting vote, Wisconsin Senator Russell Feingold, felt that our battle against terrorism would be lost “without firing a shot” if we were to “sacrifice the liberties of the American people.” Feingold duly defended American civil liberties at the risk of his career, truly exemplifying political courage as defined by John F. Kennedy.
U.S. Department of Justice. The USA PATRIOT Act: Preserving Life and Liberty. n.d. web. 11 November 2013.
Friedman, L. S. (2010). What Is the State of Civil Liberties in the United States?. Civil liberties (pp. 11-49). Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press.
Attempt by Congress to strike a balance between society's need for protection from crime and accused right to adequate proce...
Electronic Frontier Foundation. “Analysis of the Provisions of the USA Patriot Act.” October 31, 2002. American Civil Liberties Union. “USA Patriot Act Boosts Government Powers While Cutting Back on Traditional Checks and Balances.” November 1, 2002.
Since September 11, 2001 many people can say that America has changed. Many people question if America has changed for the better or has it just gotten worse. Since the day those four planes crashed around the United States people’s lives have been changed. Many may not realize how their lives have changed, but with new laws passed life is different within America. The United States Patriot Act is one of the laws passed after 9/11: singed into order on October 26, 2001 just 45 days after the attack. The United States Patriot Act was put in place in order to protect Americans, yet has been affecting American’s civil liberties and caused controversy all over the United States.
...e administration plans to introduce legislation that would alter the N.S.A’s privacy breaches and end its illegal data collections. Citing an identical argument, that the government cannot indicate terrorist attacks that have been stopped by the intelligence gathering programs, a review group of the Administration “called for major changes to the program; the latter also concluded that the bulk collection is illegal.”3
Schultz, David, and John R. Vile. The Encyclopedia of Civil Liberties in America. 710-712. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Gale Virtual Reference Library, n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2010. .
[4] Hickok, Eugene Jr., ed. The Bill of Rights: Original Meaning and Current Understanding. Virginia: University Press of Virginia, 1991
"Declaration of the Rights of Man - 1789." The Avalon Project. Yale Law School, n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2014.
The foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act is a United States federal law that outlines and defines the procedures for the surveillance and collection of physical and electronic intelligence in the United States of America. As with any search and seizure operation the surveying agency must obtain a warrant by a court judge to proceed with the spying; FISA went ahead and established its own court by which it obtains its warrants for surveillance. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court was created under FISA for the oversight of all surveillance warrants by federal police agencies. This court is served by a body of eleven judges placed there by the chief...
Taylor, James Stacey. "In Praise of Big Brother: Why We Should Learn to Stop Worrying and Love Government Surveillance." Public Affairs Quarterly July 2005: 227-246.
113-117 Human Rights: Politics and Practices. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Contemporary Readings in Law & Social Justice, 5(2), 454-460.