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Differences between aristotle and plato
Differences between aristotle and plato
Relations of Soul to Body in Plato and Aristotle
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Platonic and Aristotelian Epistemology: Comparison and Contrast
As teacher and student, both Plato and Aristotle believed that knowledge is
possible and therefore attainable. They agreed that the mind connects the soul and the
body, containing within it the key to understanding what it means to exist in this world
and how our existences are interrelated. In other words, what is a man and what does it
mean to know? For Plato, knowledge must consist of what is genuinely real and not
appearance only; it must be acquired through thoughts and ideas. If something is real, it
means that it must be fixed and unchanging. He believed that truth is form separated from
matter. Aristotle, however, believed that knowledge is perception; it is acquired through
the senses.
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In the Divided Line and Myth of the Cave, Plato touches upon what
he believes knowledge is. The “divided line” corresponds to the two main divisions of
worlds: the visible world and the intelligible world, each with their own subdivisions.
The visible world contains images and material objects; the intelligible world contains
Mathematical objects and the forms. In the Divided Line, Socrates asks, “Would you not
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admit that both the sections [=subdivisions] of this division have different degrees of
truth, and that the copy is to the original as the sphere of opinion is to the sphere of
knowledge?” He later goes on to say that “corresponding to these four [sub-] divisions [of
objects], let there be four faculties in the soul: reason answering to the highest,
understanding to the second, faith (or conviction or belief) to the third, and perception
(picture-thinking or conjecture) to the last; and let us suppose that the several faculties
have clearness in the same degree that their objects have truth.” [The Republic, Bk. VI
(507-513), 74-77 in
...y continues to change, evolve and adapt by eventually acknowledging the beliefs that were once discarded to be true. Hence, Schall uses the examples of profound intellectual thinkers: “…they each stood for the truth that was made most graphic to us precisely because they did not compromise or change the standards of mind or God that are the foundations of human well-being and order.” In order to acquire, freedom one must pursue “
Locke gives another good illustration with his flame example. A flame can have a definite temperature - a primary quality of something that exists. It can also have warmth - a secondary quality that we see in the object that is closely related to the primary quality, but is a value judgment. And there can be the perception of pain - an idea which exists only in the mind, independent of the flame, even though associated with it.
Life without knowledge would be worthless. Talking about knowledge what i mean is knowledge about something. The description of the state of some object is knowledge. The object may be either abstract or physical. Some examples of abstract things include memory, feelings and time. But how we obtain knowledge? Many philosophers tried to find an adequate answer to this question. They came up with so many theories summarizing the process of knowledge. But none of them all was able to state a clear definition of pure knowledge. One of those philosophers is Plato. In this essay I am going to discuss the concept of knowledge according to Plato’s philosophic conception of knowledge. I will clarify what knowledge is not perception. And from this I will move to explain the justified true belief theory. Then I will show the lack in this theory by referring to counterexamples: the Gettier cases. To end up with a conclusion that states what is my understanding of the process of knowledge.
"So the truth remains always the truth, even though you give a charter to ten hundred thousand separate numskulls to examine it by the light of their private judgment, and report that it is as many different varieties of something else" (Frederic 70).
He suggests that the physical substance (body) and mental substance (mind) are different in nature from each other. He believes that what we see could possibly be deceiving us and that this world might just be a dream.
Since the Forms are stable and perfect, knowledge of the Forms is infallible and certain. Plato differentiates between true knowledge - knowledge of the Forms, and true opinion - claims about particulars, which can be based on empirical testing of our world as well as on our implicit knowledge of the Forms. We might claim that the sun will rise tomorrow, but do not have true knowledge of this event, since nothing in our world is fixed. The sun, for example, is continuously changing temperature and size. Similarly, while a true opinion of the Form of Virtue might lead us to act virtuously in many situations, knowledge of Virtue would lead us to act with Virtue in every situation.
that we cling to what is familiar rather than change and it also symbolizes the
evidence". James held the belief that it 's more important to accomplish truth than to avoid error a
But because a man is not permitted without censure to follow his own thoughts in the search of truth, when they lead him ever so little out of the common road, I shall set down the reasons that made me doubt of the truth of that opinion, as an excuse for my mistake, if I be in one; which I leave to be considered by those who, with me, dispose themselves to embrace truth wherever they find it.
In the world there are two distinct types of things. There are things that exist external to us, such as one's reputation or a relationship. We do not have direct control over these things since they exist outside of us. Then there are internal things that we do have control over, like out desires, or things we dislike. The internal things can be controlled, while the external can be harder to control. Some philosophers even believe that the external things cannot be controlled, and attempting to control them will just bring unhappiness.
...nt of recognizing all sides of the truth, are principles applicable to men’s modes of action, not less than their opinions” (On Liberty, 58).
exist in the real would in an attempt to represent the world of ideas. All of these aspects
He argues that non-physical forms or ideas represent the most accurate reality. There exists a fundamental opposition between in the world like the object as a concrete, sensible object and the idea or concept of the objects. Forms are typically universal concepts. The world of appearance corresponds to the body. The world of truth corresponds with the soul. According to Plato, for any conceivable thing or property there is a corresponding Form, a perfect example of that or property is a tree, house, mountain, man, woman, Table and Chair, would all be examples of existing abstract perfect Ideas. Plato says that true and reliable knowledge rests only with those who can comprehend the true reality behind the world of everyday experience. In order to perceive the world of the Forms, individuals must undergo a difficult
...not undermine the conclusion made because Mill is claiming the use of freedom of expression, allowing the nature of man to express ideas that do not need censorship to limit a person’s thought process.