3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Phytochemical analysis
Phytochemicals, especially phenolics are known to be major bioactive compounds for health benefits. Plant extracts containing different classes of polyphenols are very attractive in the food industry. Therefore, in this study, the total phenolics content and total flavonoids content of the faba beans’ extract were investigated. Folin-Ciocalteu phenol method estimated a total phenolic content of 22.415 GAE equivalents (µg GAE/mg sample). The presence of a high phenolic amount in the faba seeds indicates its potential as a good natural antioxidant.
It has been recognized that flavonoids show antioxidant activity[24]. The total flavonoid content of the reconstituted extract was estimated by the aluminium chloride method and the results were expressed in µg of Catechin equivalents (CE) per mg of dry weight of the extract based on the calibration curve of the standard. Total flavonoid content in the dried faba seeds was estimated to be 7.814 in µg of Catechin equivalents (CE) /mg.
Crude alkaloids and saponins in the faba seeds extract were estimated to be 2.99% and 0.002% respectively. Their presence in moderate amount in faba seeds divulges its therapeutic significance. These alkaloids in a diet consisting of faba seeds may prove helpful for healing of wounds, varicose ulcers, hemorrhoids, frost-bite and burn in herbal medicine. Saponins, on the other hand, are anti-nutritional factors and can reduce the uptake of certain nutrients including cholesterol and glucose at the gut through intra lumenal physicochemical interaction (Okwu & Okwu)[25]. Saponin was observed in negligible amounts in the sample.
Table 1: Phytochemical analysis of faba seeds sample Total phenolic
(µg GAE/ ...
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...ds of analysis, AOAC, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Edition 18: AOAC, 2005.
23. Official methods of analysis, AOAC, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Edition 17: AOAC, 2003.
24. Milo-Ohr, L. Nutraceuticals and functional foods. Food Technology 2004; 58: 65–68.
25. Okwu D. E,O Okwu M. E. Chemical composition of Spondias mombin Linn plant parts. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment 2004; 6: 140-147.
26. Chanda Sumitra, Dudhatra Sandeep , Kaneria Mital. Antioxidative and antibacterial effects of seeds and fruit rind of nutraceutical plants belonging to the Fabaceae family. Journal of The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010.
27. Claude B, Paule S. The Manual of Natural Living. Edition 1, Biddles Limited Guildford Surrey, 1979,98.
28. Lawless HT, Heymann H. Sensory evaluation of food- Principles and practices, 1998
There is a large body of research into herbal medicines. Great progress has been made in the isolation and identification of the constituents of medicinal plants using high pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Research to identify the main active components is carried out either in a search for new drugs or to enable claims to be made for proprietary herbal preparations. Medicinal plants have been generally shown to have not one but a combination of active principles. Once these principles are found, the next step is learning how to synthesize it
Wheat germ oil is a rich source of dietary fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals vitamin E, vitamin B group and proteins. Furthermore, it contains some functional phytochemicals at a relatively low cost such as flavonoids, octacosanols, sterols and glutathione. Thus, Wheat germ is deemed to be healthy foods that can protect people from certain cancers and other health problems. Raw wheat germ (RWG), containing as much as 10 to 15% oil is mainly used in food, medical and cosmetic industries as a source of oil (Zhui et al., 2006). The antioxidants that are found in vegetable oils proved to be a better source for dietary antioxidants to the humans. The major antioxidants present in the vegetable oils are wheat germ oil, soya bean oil, polyphenols -olive oil and tocopherols-
Design: Botanical chemical constituents were identified from the Natural Products Alert Database for the periods coverings at least 1975 through 2003. This database includes
The phenols present in Pumpkin Seeds inhibit these free radicals from causing harmful oxidative stress.
Medicinal plants have been used extensively as sources for numerous active constituents for treating human diseases and for its therapeutic value (Nostro et al., 2000). The use of plants in treating ailments has been known for thousands of years through the empirical knowledge gathered about the usefulness and harmful properties of different plants and by intuition. Many of these indigenous plants are used as food plants, added to food meant for pregnant women and nursing mothers for medicinal purposes (Edeoga, 2005). Hence it is very important to scientifically understand the chemical composition and bioactive constituent and the biological activity of the different plant part with regards to their usage in both orthodox and primary health care.
Flavanoids, carotenoids, phenols, sterols, quinones and sterols etc are the examples of phytochemicals. Sasi kumar et al., (2014) indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, saponins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, sterols and phenols in the ethanolic extract of coriander. Coumarins, steroids, tannins and sterols were present in the coriander (Tacouri et al., 2013). Methanolic, petroleum, chloroform, ethylacetate and aqueous extract indicated the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugars and triterpenes where as glycosides and proteins presence was indicated only in the methanolic extract. Essential oil was absent only in the petroleum extract while others indicated the presence of essential oil (Pathak et al.,
In this study, a qualitative analysis of the phenolic composition has been carried out by HPLC-MS in negative and positive ionization modes from the hydro-methanol extract of R.coriaria fruits (Fig. 1). This method was used to identify and characterize of 191 phytochemical compounds (Matuszewski et al., 2003). Totally 78 hydrolysable tannins, 59flavonoid, 9 anthocyanin, 2 isoflavonoid, 2 terpenoid, 1 diterpene, 2 unknown whit C24H22O17 and C30H26O13 formulas in
Phenolic compounds are major group of Flavones’; Flavones’ have effect of protection for body in antioxidant more than vitamin C and vitamin E; moreover, Flavones’ can help blood vessels dilation. Apples are known for their health benefits and are now found to have potential for fighting cancer and booster the effect of chemotherapy drugs. Fresh apples and apple extract that can fight inflammation and can inhibit spread of cancer; in addition, reduce the chances of cancer metastasis and even lead to cell death in liver cancer, breast cancer and colon cancer. As the result, all of component of apple have more benefits for health. Eating whole apple can prevent cancer.
The use of alternative medicine is becoming more prevalent in society. As pharmaceuticals and other medications continue to show room for improvement, the use of herbal remedies will increase as a result. Herbal remedies involve the use of plants for medicinal purposes (Newman, 2012). Long before the modern technology, chemicals, and mechanisms that are popular today, plants were used as the basis for most medical treatments. As improvements in education and resources arose throughout the years there was a shift towards modern medicine, which is heavily based on evidence that has been gathered using the scientific method. Due to the lack of scientific reliability, the use of herbal remedies raises some doubt and concern. However, it is important to consider the effectiveness of herbal remedies that are derived from the natural sources surrounding us. Although in past eras chronic illnesses such as multiple sclerosis, hepatitis and cancer either didn’t exist or were not properly identified, it is necessary to analyze whether traditional medicines and herbs can be effective in treating these serious diseases today. This will be the focus of the discussions in this paper. In modern societies these illnesses often are not curable and therefore considering alternative methods such as herbal remedies deserves merit. Each herb has specific value when being used for medicinal purposes. Some herbs are effective when used to treat chronically ill patients.
Flavonols are the dominant type of flavonoid found in cocoa beans. These agents also inhibit oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to hinder lipid peroxidation, which is a major contributor to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular dysfunction.
...nergy for an extended amount of time. Also it could possibly help with Chrons disease. (2) Cassava is used for Gari, Eba, Lafun, Cassava dough, and Cassava chips. It is a good substitution for bread and wheat products because it is gluten free. (3) Bitter leaf is the leaf of, the plant called Vernonia amygdaline. It is proven to be rich in phytochemicals that protect the body against various cancers and help in the treatment of liver cancer. (4) Ogbono is a very good weight loss agent as well as a good sexual enhancement agent. (5) Palm Oil protects from having a heart attack.
Today people are becoming more aware of the advantages of using natural health products. Apart from it being a cost-efficient solution to maintain and attain healthier body, the products made from herbal and natural ingredients offer a myriad of benefits compared to those made from chemical and artificial ingredients. The followi...
Herbal remedies’ qualities are widespread availability, lower cost, effective for chronic conditions. Herbal remedies are the use of plants or plant extract to treat a person’ overall health. Herbal treatments are prominent for developing countries for instance, “in Africa up to 90% and in India 70% of the population depend on traditional medicine to help meet their health care needs” (Wachtel-Galor & Benzie, 2011), due to their low cost and availability. Herbal remedies have gained attention in the past decades, and expanding their uses due to the increased interest of natural therapies (Wachtel-Galor & Benzie, 2011). Herbs used on the remedies grow in the wild throughout the world, therefore making it easy to
Improving one’s heart health is also a benefit that this fruit has to offer. It gives healthy short chain and medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) that are important to good health. Based on researches, nearly 98% of all fatty acids ingested consists of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) which are very dissimilar from MCFA that contains no harmful effect on cholesterol ratios; assist in taking down the risk of atherosclerosis; and protect the body against heart
Flavonoids, alkaloids, carotenoids, tannin, antioxidants and phenolic compounds are some of the bioactive substances that can be found in plants. Phytochemicals are active constituents. They are not essential nutrients. The chemical entities that are solely responsible for existing pharmacological, microbial or in broader-sense therapeutic activities are usually termed as active constituents.[1] These phytochemicals provide health benefits for humans in addition to those offered by micronutrients and macro nutrients. They protect plants from diseases and damage and contribute to the plant’s colour, aroma and flavor. So, generally speaking, phytochemicals protect the cells in the plant from various environmental hazards such as pollution, stress, drought, UV Exposure and attacks by various microorganisms. Their role has been recently found out in human protection and more than 4000 phytochemicals have been found and are classified by protective function, physical characteristics and chemical characteristics and about 150 phytochemicals have been studied in detail. Phytochemicals accumulate in different parts of the plants such as the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits or seeds. They are mainly concentrated in the outer layers of various plant tissues. Phytochemicals are also available in supplementary forms, but there is very less evidence