Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
history of psychology quizlet
history of psychology
history of psychology
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: history of psychology quizlet
This paper discusses the pharmaceutical theory of personality and provides answers to the tough twins and big four questions. The paper also looks at limitations and strengths of the theory in addition to parallel research by the pharmaceutical industry on the professionals prescribing pharmaceuticals. The paper examines the effects of the pharmaceutical theory in action and raises concern regarding the known efficacy of medications including the lack of knowledge as to when pharmaceutical treatment should cease.
History’s Influence
The part of the history of personality psychology that is the most influential in the practice of modern psychology across all disciplines would be the study of the pharmaceutical theories on personality. Except for the pharmaceutical industry and its theories, there is no one theory of personality that has had more influence on the study than any other has. Diverse discussions from many different viewpoints have pushed the envelope and consequently science as a whole. Into this diversity of thought and research enters the world of the pharmacy. Taking into account the many possible strengths and effects of pharmaceuticals on human personalities, in spite of the various theories used to study them, could be considered to have the most influence on personalities and their study (Manninen, 2006).
According to Berecz (2009), the pharmaceutical theory of personality is flawed because of its inability to adapt to the possibility of chemicals not being the solution. This will remain a concern as long as a clear map of the physiological causes of depression and so forth does not exist. With the existence of this flaw, medicine is still prescribed every day as a solution for what are considered ...
... middle of paper ...
...pediatric patients. Pediatrics, 116, 195-204. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-0074
Manninen, B. A. (2006, February). Medicating the mind: A Kantian analysis of overprescribing psychoactive drugs. Journal of Medical Ethics, 32, 100-105. doi: 10.1136/jme.2005.013540
McHenry, L. (2006). Ethical issues in psychopharmacology. Journal of Medical Ethics, 32, 405-410. doi: 10.1136/jme.2005.013185
O’Connell, D. C., & Kowal, S. (2009). The evolution of modern psychology: A critical, forward-looking perspective on some pioneers. Journal of Psychology, 217, 73-78. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com
Reist, D., & VandeCreek, L. (2004). The pharmaceutical industry’s use of gifts and educational events to influence prescription practices: Ethical dilemmas and implications for psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 35, 329-335. doi: 10.1037/0735-7028.35.4.329
Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (1999). Personality: classic theories and modern research. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
This essay will explore one of the possible combinations of theories on personality and explain how it can be applied in practical therapy.
Smith, Brendan L. “Inappropriate Prescribing.” American Psychological Association. 43.6 (June. 2012): 36. Web. 11 Nov. 2013
Our book was divided into different chapters on various theorists and explained the major theories of personality that were proposed by the different psychologists. One of the theories that we learned about was the trait theories. Gordan Allport introduced the trait theory and his theory suggested that individual personalities are primarily composed of broad dispositions’. Eysenck’s three dimensions of Personality was also a part of the trait theory. Eysenck developed that model of personality upon three universal trails. And at last, the trait theory had the Big five dimensions which proposed that there are give basic dimensions of personality. One of the four conclusions in our textbook suggested that “until more unambiguous empirical research is available, the best one can do is to evaluate the various theories personally, and to accept concepts that make sense and reject those that do not”(531).
In today’s culture psychologist, sociologist, and scientist investigate several types of personalities. Personality is the pattern of behavior, though process, emotions, and reactions to the people that surround us on daily basis. Several test have been developed for testing personalities. Some test can be simple and short while others lengthy and complicated. Scholars demonstrated knowledge about personalities looking back many thousands of years. The Greeks published a well documented history in profiling people according to personality traits. Two interesting character personalities are conformist type personality and manipulative type personality.
...ments. In psychotherapy the psychologist must ensure that there is a high level of trust between him and the patient. There must also be high confidentiality rate between both parties. Only at necessary times should a patient’s record be disclosed to third parties. There must also be set boundaries between the patient and his or her psychologists and there must be no form of sexual interaction between both parties. In terms of pharmacological treatments with patients who suffer from ADHD, the over prescription of Ritalin must be revised as more and more young children are forced to take the drug which often times leads the child to lose his or her freedom of personality. These ethical issues must be looked into as these drugs are given to children so that they can fit into a socially normal behavioural society which in turns makes them be subject of discrimination.
... G. (2007). Overview of psychiatric ethics V: Utilitarianism and the ethics of duty. Australasian Psychiatry, 15950, 402-410. Doi:10.1080/10398560701439640. Retrieved from the EBSCOhost database.
Lavoie, K. L., & Barone, S. (2006). Prescription Privileges for Psychologists: A Comprehensive Review and Critical Analysis of Current Issues and Controversies.CNS Drugs, 20(1), 51-66.
...ceutical productions which define the pathology itself. In support of the idea that depression expresses a reduced capacity to interact with the environment rather than an abnormality based around an unidentifiable measurement of “chemical balance,” I will argue that the way in which pharmaceutical drugs standardize chemical deviance and treat mental illness like a biological disease disregards the normative component of depressive illnesses which must be considered as a response in one way or another to the environment in which they are experienced by each patient. By thinking about antidepressants not as correctional of a biological pathology but as a form of adaptation, I hope to show how their use must be considered in relation to values which combine scientific, social and experiential components that cannot be explained by scientific means alone.
“Legal, Ethical and Professional Issues” (Chapter 15) is an interesting chapter in the textbook “Abnormal Psychology.” Just like the name of the chapter, it helps understand legal, ethical, and professional issues related to the practice of psychology. This is very important because by offering service a psychologist is responsible for the people that are under his or her care, that even goes for people participating for research. Psychologist have authority to practice in their area of expertise, using methods that are not harmful to their recipients and “ that preferably have a strong scientific basis” and never doing treatments that are unorthodox and will put their patients health and safety in any more jeopardy. This also gives patients
Magnavita, J. J. (2002). Theories of personality: Contemporary approaches to the science of personality. New York: Wiley.
I believe our personalities make up who we are and how others perceive us at times. Personalities are our own unique qualities, that we possess as individuals. In writing this short paper, I have found that psychologists use assessments to define an individual’s personality to determine their qualities and what makes them different from other individuals. Through the Big Five Personality test, I found it difficult to define and understand an individual personality
A person’s personality has been the subject of psychological scrutiny for many years. Psychologists have drawn up several theories in an attempt to accurately predict and determine one’s personality. Foremost amongst these, is the “Big Five Trait Theory” which stemmed from Raymond B. Cattell’s theory.
The Five-Factor Model of Personality gives an insight to psychologists when dealing with patients and test subjects. Due to this theory, research psychologist are able to research personality more accurately and uphold a better understanding when discussing the reasoning behind certain pre-disposed tendencies. Also, counselors which practice different types of therapy are enabled to learn details concerning their patient that can assist in the treatment of that specific patient. There have been multiple disputes in regards to the validity of the Five-Factor Model of Personality theory. Many skeptics believe that there are too many variations that come into play when dealing with personality in order to accurately depict and diagnose a 100% accurate declaration of ones’ characteristics (McCrae, 1991). The issue with relying on the model in order to declare one’s characteristics is that there is often overlap between the degrees of high and low (Popkins, 1998). Although this is a valid statement, the model is a significant role in sorting through the variations to achieve a probable consensus. Therefore, the model cannot achieve a result without any probable cause for doubt but generally will provide a clear depiction of ones’ traits and
Personality Theories originate from the awareness that astute, intellectual theorists perceive when observing, examining and evaluating their own mental state of mind. Although theories are tested through research; human characteristics have exhibited that they can be demonstrated to contain errors. The most recent knowledge of understanding personality theories derives from a combination of components such as research on reoccurrences, culture, psychobiology, learning, traits, and social psychology. Alfred Adler titled his theory Individual Psychology with the belief that everyone is differently motivated. Fascinated with finding out what driving force motivates a person to reach their potential, and what keep them going during difficult times, Adler referred to his theory as “striving for superiority” (Friedman, H. and Schustack, (2012). Adler viewed motivation as future endeavors rather than the outcome of the past. He differed the basic concept of his personality typology from Classical Greek typology by referring to them as (1) Ruling-Dominant, (2) Getting- Leaning, (3) Avoiding and (4) Socially useful (Friedman, H. & Schustack, M., 2012).