Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Theories Of Personality
theories of personality chapter 1
theories of personality chapter 1
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Theories Of Personality
Many psychologists throughout many years present theoretical approaches in an attempt to understand personality. Hans Eysenck’s approach of personality differed from that of Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalytical theory of personality. Eysenck’s theory of personality relies on the scientific basis of biology in explaining human personality. Although Freud’s theories are intriguing to an open mind, Eysenck’s approach made measurable scientific sense. He relied on the use of trait and factor analysis, which is a statistical method. Freud relied on faith and his personal opinions based on observational research to reach the assumptions that set forth his theories (Feist & Feist, 2009). Eysenck and Freud did not agree on anything about understanding how and why the mind operates the way, it does. Eysenck used mathematical steps in his research. In factor analysis, the experimenter begins making specific observations of a large number of people. The information is then quantified by calculating the correlation coefficient between the variables of the experiment. The number will depend on the amount of people who participate in the study. The mathematical deductive process continues until the figures are broken down into smaller, more basic dimensions called traits existing within the factors that represent a large group of closely related variables (Feist & Feist, 2009). The purpose of factor analysis is to find simple relationship patterns among mathematically examined variables (Buchanan, 2011). However, Freud approached understanding personality with an ever so fascinating perspective. A perspective that remains controversial even after his death. Freud did not use measurable scientific approaches to reach his conclusions; he us... ... middle of paper ... ...gard to their theories of human life. Eysenck went to the extent of writing a book discrediting Freud’s research. Freud believed in the unconscious mind have dominance over the conscious mind. He expressed that with his scenarios of repressed feelings of sexual desires and aggression. Eysenck was sure an individual is in control of his actions at all times. However, he did accept unconscious abilities to perform at certain levels because of self-confidence, which he also attributed to genetics (Feist & Feist, 2009). The two men did however; share one common ground, the desire to understand how the mind works. Works Cited Buchanan, R. D. (2011). Research report: Doing a biography of Hans J. Eysenck. History Of Psychology, 14(2), 210-213. doi:10.1037/a0023481b Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2009). Theories of Personality (7th ed.). New York, New York: McGraw-Hill.
4. Which research method did Sigmund Freud use extensively in the process of developing his well-known theory of personality?
Westen, D. (1998). The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: toward a psychodynamically informed psychological science. Psychological Bulletin, 124(3), 333.
Personality is broad and intense subjects that people either understand or do not get it at all. Many people that study psychology also study different people and their own personal views on that person’s analysis. The views range from the founder or real first known one to study this subject Freud, to people that took his views and went in a different direction. Some of the more relevant psychologist is Skinner and Rotter who have taken personal psychology to greater depths and studies. All the people that study the personality of psychology have taken one another’s views and either agreed with them and added to it, or didn’t agree at all and made changes to make their own analysis, and everything between. As for Sigmund Freud he is the one who started it all with his studies of psychoanalysis. Most people think his view are absolutely out of line and incorrect, but after studying him more in depth, you will find that he was not that crazy as you might have thought. For example, in this paper you will come to find that personality and Freud’s views on it aren’t really that off point.
Hergenhahn, B.R. "CH.16: Psychoanalysis." An Introduction to the History of Psychology. 16th ed. Belmont: Michele Sordi, 2009. 516-45. Print.
Cervone, D., Pervin, L. A. (2008). Personality: Theory and research (10th Ed.). New York: Wiley.
Rieber, R. W. (2001). Wilhelm Wundt in history: the making of a scientific psychology. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
Sigmund Freud created strong theories in science and medicine that are still studied today. Freud was a neurologist who proposed many distinctive theories in psychiatry, all based upon the method of psychoanalysis. Some of his key concepts include the ego/superego/id, free association, trauma/fantasy, dream interpretation, and jokes and the unconscious. “Freud remained a determinist throughout his life, believing that all vital phenomena, including psychological phenomena like thoughts, feelings and phantasies, are rigidly determined by the principle of cause and effect” (Storr, 1989, p. 2). Through the discussion of those central concepts, Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis becomes clear as to how he construed human character.
Magnavita, J. J. (2002). Theories of personality: Contemporary approaches to the science of personality. New York: Wiley.
Sigmund Freud was a very prominent neurologist and is known as the father of psychoanalysis and being a prominent thinker of his time in the late nineteenth century to early twentieth century. His theory of human personality is a well-known theory of the nineteen hundreds. His theory, describes prominence of what is known as the id, ego, and superego. His theory largely differs from another well know thinker known as George Herbert Mead. Mead is well known for his theory of self. Mead’s theory is more accepted than Freud’s theory in today’s society due to the increase of knowledge of the human persona. I will analyze the differences in theories based on which theory allows for more free will in human beings.
Allport (1937) deemed science as nomothetic and psychology to be concerned with the study of individuals, suggesting that psychology is perhaps not a science, but by combining both the nomothetic and idiographic approaches, science and personality are combined forming a “science of personality” (Beck, 1953) . Allport (1960) reasoned that “unless such idiographic (particular) knowledge is fused with nomothetic (universal) knowledge, we shall not achieve the aims of science”. In which respect, by approaching the study of personality with both nomothetic and idiographic methodology, an agreement can be made that “Every man is in certain respects like all other men, like some other men and like no other men” (Kluckholm and Murray, 1953).
We begin with our first founder, Sigmund Freud, of psychoanalysis and who is one of the most outstanding psychologists and whose contribution can hardly ever be underestimated. In this regard, Freud 's theory of personality is significant because his theory is changing views of psychologists as well as everyday people
The first major theory of personality I will be talking about is the psychodynamic theory. Psychodynamics is an approach to psychology that emphasizes systematic study of the psychological forces that underlie human behavior, feelings, and emotions and how they might relate to early experience. It is especially interested in the dynamic relations
He was more towards statistical factors. He felt that his research and perspectives about the personalities should be more aimed on studying a group and not just on the person themselves. He mainly focused his research on twins. He is also acknowledged for his economic model, which is a three- factor solution. The three-factor solution uses strand of study, which is constructed on the four humors. The four humors were originated by the Greeks. However, Eysenck chose the three factors solutions and repositioned them to his own perspectives. “Eysenck rearranged the four humors on a continuum describable in terms of two personality dimensions: introverted-extroverted and unstable-stable” (Lecci, 2015. Pg. 8.1. Para. 30). These were trusted to be the main characteristics of the human function. He then incorporated his theory on Psychoticism. Hence, which describes a person as being reckless, hostile and as unruly. Eysenck had trusted that these three factors were important to all. However, they scored at a 90-degree level and this was because they did not relate to a score on another factor. His model had also showed of how these characteristic attributes can affect one’s communication. Hence, they are either healthy or not. However, being an extroverted or introverted, can be a positive attribute. Although, it depends on the person’s drive and how they face certain
Personality is an individual’s characteristic pattern of feeling, thinking and acting. Psychodynamic theories of personality view human behavior as a dynamic interaction between the conscious mind and unconscious mind, including associated motives and conflicts (Myers & Dewall, pg# 572, 2015). These theories focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences. Psychodynamic theories are descended from Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis, which is his ideology of personality and the associated treatment techniques. Psychoanalysis attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. This theory also includes the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. He proposed that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality. Freud’s historically significant psychoanalytic theory became part of the human cultural legacy.
The development of personality has long been an area of extreme interest to psychologists and psychoanalysts alike and many different theories of personality have developed over the years. From Sigmund Freud to B.F. Skinner, everyone seems to have not only an opinion of what personality is and how it develops but also an idea as to what is the best way to measure and report their findings. In order to test their theories, it was necessary to formulate methods of research that were effective, ethical and would provide a solid foundation for future personality research.Although both the clinical and experimental methods of personality research have lent themselves to our present day understanding of the human psyche and personality, each has done so in vastly different ways. Freud and his colleagues, who pioneered the clinical research method, chose to observe their clients in an up close and personal fashion.