The Permian Triassic Mass Extinction
The Permian Triassic extinction was an event of cataclysmic disaster and almost the extinction of all species on planet earth. The Permian Triassic extinction is said to have occurred millions of years ago, geologist have estimated that its occurrences happened about 248 million to 286 million years ago. This rare occurrence of events proceeded the Triassic geologic periods and the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras. This mass disaster was the largest dissipation of living life on planet earth; it is believed to be even superior to other crises such as the Ordovician and Devonian events and the conclusion of the cretaceous era that came upon the dinosaurs.
The eradication of species numbers average at a toll close to one hundred percent of earths total living creatures. “It is the Earth's most severe known extinction event, with up to 96% of all marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species becoming extinct” (Sahney, and Benton 759). Not only where marine and terrestrial species effected but this catastrophic event is the only recogni...
weather, and the theory says it simply can't be predicted beyond the space of a
In Jurassic park, things ended pretty badly. Dinosaurs were going crazy and destroying the park. There were precautions taken by the people running the park to prevent this of course, but they failed. They made all the dinosaurs female so the dinosaurs couldn’t breed by themselves. They deleted the amino acid lysine so the dinosaurs couldn’t survive on their own outside of the park. And lastly, they had security in the park. Unfortunately, all of these precautions failed.
‘Leadership’ and ‘Management’ are two commonly using words in nowadays organizations. The essential and integral part of productive management is leadership. Effective leadership is crucial to an organization’s success. Leaders can take a quantity of different steps to help keep projects from failing. The main and highly important focus of the leader is to make things happen. According to Griffin (2008), ‘Leadership, as a process, the use of non coercive influence to shape the group’s or organization’s goals, motivate behaviour toward the achievement of those goals, and help define group or organizational culture; as a property, the set of characteristics attributed to individuals who are perceived to be leaders’. Equally as management, that
Throughout Earth’s history there have been many changes. These changes have consisted of temperature fluctuations, atmospheric differentiations, extinctions of various plant and animal life, etc. Over time everything seems to have evolved in some way form or fashion. However, the Permian Era extinction was different from all the rest. This extinction affected every form of life, but especially the marine life. Researchers have stated that 93-97% of all Earths species went extinct during this period of time. This essay will explain how a once blossoming progressive era turned into Earths most catastrophic event.
Long-term survival of a species depends on its ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions (Murphy, 1994). Genetic diversity within a species, which has taken 3.5 billion years to evolve, makes adaptations to these changing environments possible. Unfortunately, the rate of extinction of genetically diverse organisms is rapidly increasing, thus reducing this needed biodiversity, largely due to the human impacts of development and expansion. What was an average of one extinction per year before is now one extinction per hour and extinct species numbers are expected to reach approximately one million by the year 2000 (WWW site, Bio 65). As a result governmental and societal action must be taken immediately!
Leadership can be defined as the way through which one individual has impacts and influences the attitudes and behavior of other people at a workplace. The tasks of leaders in corporations include organizational as well as departmental activities. Leaders are responsible fr coordination of these activities so as to reach the goals successfully by motivating and inspiring team members. (DUYGULU, Ethem and Ciraklar, Nurcan, 2008). Besides, leaders are supposed to resolve issues by avoiding conflicting situations related to work and strive to boost progress on achieving the overall objectives of a company. Moreover, great leaders provide the required knowledge,
Gupta, A. (2012) ‘The role of a leader’ [online], available: http://www.practical-management.com/Leadership-Development/Role-of-an-Organizational-Leader.html [accessed 16 March 2013]
Fiedler’s (1967) basic and relatively simple principle is that administration’s achievement is an assignment corresponding with to the decision maker’s model and management condition. If the leaders’ model fits the circumstance, the management will be effectual; if the management’s type does not correspond, the manager will be unproductive (Navanhandi, 2006). The contingency theory of leadership is one of the greatest valid and dependable measures of an individual 's leadership prospective (Waters, 2013). There is the necessity for the present day SAHC leaderships to be identified with contingency leadership style.
seems like it happened so sudden, as geologic time goes, that almost all the dinosaurs
Leadership; “a process in which an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal” (DuBrin, 2013 p. 3), is needed at all levels in an organisation and can be practiced by other roles who are not specifically assigned to a leadership role (DuBrin, 2013 p. 3). The role of a leader and the role of a manager are two very distinctive and dissimilar roles. The role of a leader is the ability to inspire, motivate and stimulate others to achieve tasks and activities whereas, a managers role is the ability to supervise and direct the effort and activities of subordinates to achieve organisational goals (Long, 2007 p.4). Although some managers can be thought to have leadership qualities, not all managers are perceived as leaders (Eidson, 2011, p.6). Leadership influences relationships between leaders and followers in a hope to obtain accomplishments of a common task or shared purpose. This component expresses the importance of leadership in organizations and the imperativeness of management adopting it. The following critique; analyses the verity that not all mangers are leaders, the difference between superior and dire leaders, the role differences of leaders and managers and the importance of managers adopting leadership skills, by evaluating and applying reference to theoretical concepts.
The Jurassic period is known as one of the most interesting periods of time in earth’s history, mainly for the awe-inspiring creatures many of which have gone extinct, the most remarkable being the dinosaurs. Life in the ocean during this time was also extremely diversified and amazing for the creatures it beheld. The Jurassic occurred from 199.6 to 145.5 million years ago, following the Triassic Period and preceding the Cretaceous Period within the Mesozoic Era. The supercontinent of Pangea began to drift apart during this time. Right before the Jurassic period began, a major extinction event occurred wiping out much of the life on earth. The events that unfolded afterwards gave life to a new planet.
Did you know that more than 90 percent of all organisms that have ever lived on Earth are extinct? According to Pandey, the author of Humans Pushing Marine Life toward ‘Major Extinction’, nearly 10,000 species go extinct each year, and this rate is estimated to be 1,000 times higher than the natural extinction rate (1). Human beings are causing irreversible damage to the oceans and their wildlife, which is being led by two major reasons: Commercial fishing or over-fishing, which damaged the marine environment and caused a loss in the marine life diversity, and pollution, which is a primary way of the extinction causes that drastically modifies the marine life habitat. As a result of the commercial fishing and pollution, many of the marine species will start disappearing of the oceans. Briggs emphasizes that over-fishing “has induced population collapses in many species. So instead of having less than a hundred species at risk, as was the case some 30-40 years ago, there are now a thousand or more (10).”
Biodiversity loss can lead to extinction, and hurt human life. It is our responsibility to take care of the environment. We bring in machines that harm the environment and destroy animal life. We need to limit ourselves on how much land and resources we consume. There are major issues that are causing species to become extinct and hurt our way of life and other animals do to the change in food chain.
Lotze, Heike K., Marta Coll, Anna M. Magera, Christine Ward-Paige, and Laura Airoldi. "Recovery of Marine Animal Populations and Ecosystems." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 26.11 (2011): 595-605. Print.