Malaysia as a mediator
The peace dialogue between Malaysia and Thailand government was an important parts in achieve peace in Southern Thailand. Thus, the initiative dialogue has been reflect to the personal interest of Prime Minister Najib Razak, and it was led by semi-retired senior official by Datuk Seri Ahmad Zamzamin Hashim (McCargo, 2014). Zamzamin is the former director of the research division in the prime minister’s office, and he has an intelligence background in handling this such as this issues. For that reason, it is clear that Malaysia has a vested interest in helping to resolve an ethnic conflict that taking place on its northern border. For example, it is an open secret that tens or hundreds of thousands of Malay Muslims in border areas are actually illegally hold dual Thai and Malaysian nationality. Then, many current or former leaders of Patani militant groups live in Malaysia, and most of them is under the watchful eye of the Malaysian special branch and intelligence Malaysia services (McCargo, 2014). This is the reason why Zamzamin’s team was being able to assemble a group of BRN negotiators to join the peace process. In addition, Zamzamin has strong support from eight senior officials in the National Security Council, which is through the concerning of primarily agency with the internal security, that constitute a secretariat for the smooth process.
In handling any conflict that happen, we need to lesson from others comparable conflict is that neighbouring countries that are historically can be implicated that need to be brought on board in order to reduce a violence towards the community. Many Patani militant leaders are unconvinced about Malaysia’s role as a mediator in solving the ethnic conflict between M...
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... of the dialogue partners. These was also includes in reaching out to the different groups of PULO, that whose been signed a November agreement to take part in the future talks, as well as to visiting Indonesia to participant in representatives of talks in other militant parties (McCargo, 2014). Furthermore, it was also giving talks and press conferences in Thailand to drum up more support for the dialogue process in February 2014 (McCargo, 2014). However, none of these efforts has been succeeded in reviving through the face to face talks. Then, with the high-profile progress of the Mindanao peace talks, Malaysia was also involved as a mediator, and it has increased a pressure on Zamzamin to deliver the goods in Southern Thailand, that has though in reality this is not a fair comparison given to the much longer investment of time in the Philippine process as well.
...l to socio-economical. Even more fascinating is the similarly consistent trend that states which deployed peaceful negotiations with the colonialists were much more successful than their violent counterparts in achieving or maintaining sovereignty and peace- despite at times having to sacrifice one for the other. For reasons that are beyond the scope of this paper, Boahen makes a conscious decision not to emphasize this ostensible tendency. Ultimately, peaceful responses did not bring about a harmonious relationship between the colony and the colonial power; however, in contrast to their violent counterparts, they did not result in nearly the equivalent number of deaths, injuries and devastating consequences to the infrastructure of the colony.
... idea to try diplomatic solutions to find a common ground that will satisfy both the people the region and the international community.
Many wars have been fought in our society. But from these wars, countries usually learn from their mistakes, which makes a better world for society. However, there have been many times when countries do not learn from these mistakes, which can cause a conflict. In the late 1800s the British started to explore Africa and Asia. In doing so, they colonized many nations. However, many people living in these colonies did not agree with the British and revolted. This led to the British granting independence to these countries. However, there were many times when the British government did not help these countries become independent. This has caused many countries to fail, because they were not ready for the challenges of independence. One country that became independent from the British was Burma. However, since there independence, they have been fighting one of the longest civil wars in the history of the world. In this paper, I will investigate, if the reason that the conflict in Burma is still happening, is because the British allowed them to become independence pre maturely, and the British did not help Burma get though the challenges of becoming a nations.
Zartman, W. (2001). The Timing of Peace Initiatives: Hurting Stalemates and Ripe Moments. In The Global Review of Ethnopolitics, 1, 1, 8-18.
Violence marks much of human history. Within the sociopolitical sphere, violence has continually served as a tool used by various actors to influence and/or to control territory, people, institutions and other resources of society. The twentieth century witnessed an evolution of political violence in form and in scope. Continuing into the twenty-first, advances in technology and social organization dramatically increase the potential destructiveness of violent tools. Western colonialism left a world filled with many heterogeneous nation-states. In virtually all these countries nationalist ideologies have combined with ethnic, religious, and/or class conflicts resulting in secessionist movements or other kinds of demands. Such conflicts present opportunities for various actors in struggles for wealth, power, and prestige on both national and local levels. This is particularly evident in Indonesia, a region of the world that has experienced many forms of political violence. The state mass killings of 1965-66 mark the most dramatic of such events within this region. My goal is to understand the killings within a framework of collec...
Gleditsch, Nils Petter, and Havard Hegre. "Peace and Democracy: Three Levels of Analysis." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 41.2 (1997): 283-310. ProQuest. Web. 27 Sep. 2013.
In Kenya, the lack of political, economic, and social integration of the Somalis with the Kenyans meant that the Shifta War was inevitable. Pan-Somali irredentism had stemmed from political marginalization as early as 1920, when the British government administered the NFD as united in its own right but also as an entirely separate region of Kenya. Economic disparities between pastoralism and agricultural practices only heightened this difference, and gave way to government-propagated discrimination against Somalis. On top of secessionist aspirations, Kenya’s united front façade was demolished by ethno-religious differences. Perhaps, the suffering of an entire population in Kenya will compel Filipino officials to take more peaceful measures and encourage ethnic integration in the on-going Mindanao conflict.
The question as to what dictates the relationships and conflicts between the different political parties in Thailand is an intriguing one. While some may believe that the underlying influence is ambition, there is more substance to the argument that it is in fact political principles, personal loyalty, family alliance and, most importantly, political paranoia, which dictate Thai politics. The paranoia arises from a mutual distrust and fear that a fellow Thai member of the resistance may have some hidden agenda that is incompatible and in conflict with their own. This sense of paranoia is apparent in both the way in which Pramoj was hesitant to accept Kunjara and the way the American Free Thais and pro-constitution NLM were suspicious of the Prince Subha-Svasti-led FSM and their potential motive to return Thailand to an absolute monarchy system. At a glance, Prince Subha Svasti as a natural leader for the Free Siamese movement and one that facilitated the emergence of the movement in the UK. A true patriot, he was quick to oppose the Japanese when they invaded Thailand and attacked th...
Bar-Tal, D. (Jun., 2000). From Intractable Conflict through Conflict Resolution to Reconciliation: Psychological Analysis. Political Psychology , Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 351-365
The basis of this paper is to review and examine specific principles and theories of cooperation and argument management as reflected by a specific story of the Middle East peace process within the named article. The article is entitled "The Wounds Of Peace," by Connie Bruck. This, of course, is one individual author's perspective, yet, nevertheless, it is the view of this author that much of the content is historically factual and accurate, with a definite sense of individual perspectives as purported by the author. To the greatest extent, this author shall attempted to meet those requirements as per the related principles and theories of negotiation and conflict management. Similarly, this will take place within the context of the Middle East peace process, guided within a specific time and place. To a large extent, this author should also like to state that his perspectives will emanate from those theories and principles which are rooted within negotiation and conflict management. Probably, no where else on this Earth (with the possible exception of Northern Ireland) are the principles and theories of negotiation and conflict management more contentious than those that exist within the Middle East
Hamilton, Tim and Sharma, Satish. "The violence and oppression of power relations" Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice 9.4 (1997). 22 Mar. 2011
Lastly, but most importantly, understanding the culture and its background provides a valuable insight and an ‘umbrella theme’ of a country. According to Geert Hofstede’s Cultural dimensions, Malaysia has one of the highest power distance index in the world, with one of the lowest uncertainty avoidance index. It is highly related to the beliefs of Islam and this creates a society where leaders have virtually ultimate power and authority, and the rules, laws, and regulations developed by those in power, reinforce their own leadership and control. It is not unusual for new leadership to arise from armed insurrection – the ultimate power, rather than from diplomatic or democratic change .
The democratic peace theory was not always seen as the substantial argument and significant contribution to the field of International Relations that it is today. Prior to the 1970’s, it was the realist and non-realist thought that took preeminence in political theoretical thinking. Though the democratic peace theory was first criticized for being inaccurate in its claim that democracy promotes peace and as such democracies do not conflict with each other, trends, statistical data, reports have suggested and proved that the democratic peace theory is in fact valid in its claim. Over the years having been refined, developed and amended, it is now most significant in explaining modern politics and it is easy to accept that there is indeed a lot of truth in the stance that democracy encourages peace. The democratic peace theory is a concept that largely influenced by the likes of Immanuel Kant, Wilson Woodrow and Thomas Paine.
"Problem Solving Workshop involves the principle of putting adversaries in a situation where they can explore the possibilities for new options leading to a win-win or variable sum solution to what can be recognized as a mutual problem (Mitchell, 2005, p. 55)." Because of India and Nepal relationship, the violent conflict has been emerged in the border area of these two nation. Different parties have own interest and explanation about democracy, values, and nationalism. Resolving inter-relation conflict between two countries can be a resolution of ethnic violence in Nepal 's south border. In this context, Problem Solving Workshop will be meaningful resolution strategy for both nations, and political parties. It also brings positive massage among the citizens, and produce a strong and affirmative foreign
The Malayan Emergency despite seeming to be between Great Britain and the Malayan Races Liberation Army (MNLA) was a battle that involved more than Britain and MNLA. One major issue that is discussed in most essays and books is the Counter-Insurgency or better known as COIN. One of the main principles of COIN is the ‘winning of hearts and minds’ as shown in the book Hearts and Minds: A People’s History of Counterinsurgency edited by Hannah Gurman1. Out of around 90 books and articles, at least 15 of those touch on topics related to Malayan Emergency. Winning hearts and minds is one of the most widely discussed topics when talking about Malayan Emergency.