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the independence of africa essay
the independence of africa essay
congo imperialism
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Patrice Emry Lumumba, a martyr for a worthy cause, of a foolish man with unrealistic hopes and ambitions? Due to his hard work, unrelenting persistence, and aspirations, his homeland, the Congo, gained their independence from the colonizing country of Belgium July 1st, 1960. Not long after though, there was a price over his head, and he only got to see the payoff of his work for a little less than six months. What killed Patrice Lumumba is a combination of many players including the actions he himself took, other political powers like Sese Seko Mobutu, Moise Kapensa Tshombe, and Joseph Kasavubu, and the other influential nations including the colonizing country of Belgium.
In the fight for independence for his country, Patrice Lumumba had been in all of the right places at all of the right times. He knew exactly what he wanted and how he would go about getting that, but he didn't do that without stepping on a few people's toes along the way. When he was named the first democratically elected Prime Minister of the Congolese people, he gave a speech on independence day that was awe-inspiring to the citizens of the country, but dangerous for him because the political leaders were shocked. He stated:
"This was our fate for eighty years of a colonial regime; our wounds are too fresh and too painful still for us to drive them from our memory. We have known harassing work, exacted in exchange for salaries which did not permit us to eat enough to drive away hunger, or to clothe ourselves, or to house ourselves decently, or to raise our children as creatures dear to us.
We have known ironies, insults, blows that we endured morning, noon, and evening, because we are Negroes. Who will forget that to a black one said "tu", certainly not as to a friend, but because the more honorable "vous" was reserved for whites alone?"
He voiced for the people who had for so long been held down, spit on, hit, and beaten, but little did he know that the voice he was speaking with would come to a halt in the near future. He was too powerful for what an African leader should have been at the time, he had too many supporters behind him, he was threatening. He can be blamed partially for his own death because he didn't bide his time with the completely radical views he had.
In King Leopold`s Ghost, the author Adam Hochschild conveys many attempts to challenge the actions of King Leopold`s control in the Congo. This was to reach an international audience at the time of the 20th century. Protestors depended on a variety of writing techniques to make their case successful. For example the use of direct letters to officials, published “open letters”, articles in newspapers, and public speeches. These protesters were George Washington Williams, William Sheppard, Edmund Dene Morel, and Roger Casement. These protesters became aware of the situation in the Congo in different ways. They also had diversity in how they protested through their writing. Although Edmund Dene Morel and Roger Casement share a comparative approach.
Hochschild concludes that the world must never forget the events of Leopold’s Congo. This event is evidence that it is the result of human greed that led to so much suffering, injustice, and corruption.
...out you and your goals and try to stop you by any means necessary. His philosophy was a beacon and still is for people today even if it exists in those rare and fleeting moments when a person jumps in and stops a physical fight between two people, or when a person stands up for the people whom have had injustices brought down on them because of who they are and things they cannot change. His message is strong, stronger even more now because we the people have a person who we can look up to, we can move the coldest of people with determination and willpower because those along are what got the black people to where we are today. The significance of his words, his philosophy, come together along with others in the past to create a beautiful mosaic of heroes who used words, not violence and brought actual meaning into the saying ‘the pen is mightier than the sword’.
The land Leopold had obtained was about eighty times larger than that of Belgium itself. Plus, Leopold was proclaimed the “sovereign” ruler of all the Congo Free Sta...
Wallerstein, Immanuel, and Dennis D. Cordell. "Patrice Lumumba (Congolese Politician)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. .
He wrote books and he was associated with movements as well as protests. He was just as valuable as Martin Luther King Jr or even Malcolm X. He was just one piece of the puzzle. It comes together one piece at a time. One day you will complete that last piece. Then you will feel joy once you realize it’s all done. You made it through all the struggles in your life to finally be finished.
It had intentions of breaking post-colonial hegemonic forces that portrayed Lumumba as a nationalist dictator.
He was a very instrumental person in the Pan-African movement. He was a founder of the Nation Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). However, just because he was a great man for the African American community doesn’t mean he was loved and appreciated by everyone. He was hated by white Americans in the United States because he demanded for equal rights and justice amongst African Americans and he demanded that Africa be free from colonialism. Because he was hated and hunted down in the United States, he fled to Ghana where he began his own movements. As a result of him creating his own movements, the 5 Pan-African Congresses were birthed. The role he played in the Pan-African movement was seen as a platform for many other African leaders such as Nnamdi Azikiwe, Kwame Nkrumah, Jomo Kenyatta and Hastings Banda.
...all. However, society’s dividing beliefs soon began to influence all that was to become of them. Their struggles became their motivations in life, especially as they took on a new world and found what was beyond plantations and hard work. Why was slavery and racism so powerful? They were no longer just units of language, they had obtained meaning. “White America” had become aroused and attached its emotional and physical sensations to the controlling of African-Americans. They had merely separated their feelings from life. And even so, they used fear as a shield to protect their sentiments. However accordingly, through African-Americans past, present, and growing future, a wound can never be fully healed, for you will always carry it for the rest of your life. But, through mental, spiritual, physical, and emotional practices it is easier to succumb to the pain.
Patrice Lumumba was born in the Kasai Province of the Belgian Congo on July 2, 1925 as a member of the Batetela tribe, and received his primary education from a Catholic mission school. At age 18, Lumumba moved to Kindu and became a corporate clerk. After moving to Leopoldville for vocational school, he moved to Stanleyville to work as a postal clerk (Lemarchand 199). It was in Stanleyville that Lumumba began his political career, and according to Crawford Young, he had become “president or secretary of no less than seven associations in Stanleyville in 1953” (295). Lumumba’s involvement in these organizations also had a strong impact, he increased membership in the Association des Evolués de Stanleyville from 162 to over 1,000 members in four years, and was “regarded as the most eminent spokesman of Liberal ideas” by 1959 (Lemarchand 202). Lumumba’s public presence was not limited to his political organizations, he was also the editor of L’Echo Postal, and often wrote about the “problems of racial, social, and economic discrimination” in three other newspapers (Lemarchand 199)...
While Leopold II, the King of Belgium, desperately wanted an overseas colony, The Belgian people did not share his enthusiasm; which created the feelings of neglect and apathy Belgium had towards Congo. The Congo Free State, established “in the margins of the Berlin Conference” in 1885, allowed Leopold to “gain international recognition of his possession” which he had begun to take control of since the 1870s. However, while Leopold was securing control of the Congo, the Belgian people were not interested in controlling colonies, as they believed that colonies “would merely soak up resources that would be better used for social purposes at home.” Thus, the Belgian people decided to solve the problem of having an unwanted colony by separating the Belgian government from...
To understand the desperation of wanting to obtain freedom at any cost, it is necessary to take a look into what the conditions and lives were like of slaves. It is no secret that African-American slaves received cruel and inhumane treatment. Although she wrote of the horrific afflictions experienced by slaves, Linda Brent said, “No pen can give adequate description of the all-pervading corruption produced by slavery." The life of a slave was never a satisfactory one, but it all depended on the plantation that one lived on and the mast...
When Nelson Mandela was a young boy he was largely influenced by his guardian Jongintaba who was the Thembu Chief. Jongintaba would let the people lead the debates, and then he would analyze their thoughts, and they would make a decision. This influenced Mandela in his fight for a true democratic government. This also led Mandela to study law and fight for the rights of black South Africans. This background brought Mandela to th...
...plishments as a political activist absolutely impacted the rest of Africa. He was not the only Pan African leader on a mission, he found comradery, ironically, all over the world. He traveled many places and managed to find likeminded people all set out to aide in the development of African independence. His vision of a free Kenya was accomplished, his struggle was the road less traveled, and his accomplishments are invaluable.
Over a period from 1960-1965, the first Republic of the Congo experienced a period of serious crisis. There was a terrible war for power that displayed senseless violence and the desperation to rule. There were many internal conflicts among the people. The country eventually gained independence from Belgium. For many countries this would be a time for celebration. Unfortunately for the people of the Congo this became a time to forget. Almost immediately after independence and the general elections, the country went into civil war. Major developed cities like Katanga and Kasai wanted to be independent from the Lumumba government. Different factions started to fight the government and Katanga and Kasai tried to secede from the rest of the country out of fear of the mutinous army that was out of control looting and killing.