Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disorder of the brain and spinal cord. This potentially deliberating disease attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers the nerves causing problems by interfering with the communication between the brain, spinal cord and other areas of the body. It can cause various symptoms that come and go at first for several years. Though over time, some symptoms can become permanent and can cause disability. There is no cure for MS, however, various drugs and therapies may reduce the number of flare-ups and can help to ease symptoms and extent of disability. There are many thousands of nerve fibers that convey electrical impulses among different parts of the brain and spinal cord. Each nerve fiber is surrounded by a protective sheath substance known as myelin. This myelin sheath insulates much like the covering on an electrical wire and is necessary for the electrical impulse to travel properly along the nerve fiber. These nerves fibers travel from the brain and spinal cord taking messages to and from the muscles, skin, body organs and tissues. MS is believed to be an autoimmune disease because when the disease is in an active state, parts of the immune system, specifically the T cells, attack the myelin sheath that surrounds the nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord causing inflammation. Normally the immune system would attack bacteria and viruses and so forth, but instead it attacks the parts of the body. There is no known cause for the immune system to act this way but it is speculated the result to be a viral or an environmental factor to be triggers, especially those with a certain genetic makeup. When there is inflammation surrounding the myelin sheath, it stops the nerve fibers from working p... ... middle of paper ... ...ited "Diseases and conditions Multiple Sclerosis." MayoClinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 15 Dec. 2012. Web. 5 May 2014. . "MS Diet and Exercise — MS Active Source." MS ActiveSource: A Place All About Multiple Sclerosis. Biogen Idec., n.d. Web. 8 May 2014. "MS Statistics | Multiple Sclerosis News." Multiple Sclerosis Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 May 2014. "Multiple Sclerosis; MS Researchers Find Brain & Cognitive Reserve Protect Long-Term Against Cognitive Decline." NewsRx Health (2014): 54. ProQuest. Web. 8 May 2014. "Multiple sclerosis - National Library of Medicine." PubMed Health. A.D.A.M., Inc., 25 Sept. 2013. Web. 8 May 2014. . "What is Multiple Sclerosis?" National Multiple Sclerosis Society. NMSS, n.d. Web. 8 May 2014.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease affecting the myelination of the central nervous system, leading to numerous issues regarding muscle strength, coordination, balance, sensation, vision, and even some cognitive defects. Unfortunately, the etiology of MS is not known, however, it is generally thought of and accepted as being an autoimmune disorder inside of the central nervous system (Rietberg, et al. 2004). According to a study (Noonan, et al. 2010) on the prevalence of MS, the disease affects more than 1 million people across the world, and approximately 85% of those that are affected will suffer from unpredictably occurring sessions of exacerbations and remissions. The report (Noonan, et al. 2010) found that the prevalence of MS was much higher in women than in men, and that it was also higher in non-Hispanic whites than in other racial or ethnic groups throughout the 3 regions of the United States that were studied.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is generally thought to be an autoimmune disease that attacks the myelin sheaths, or oligodendrocytes that cover nerve axons in the central nervous system (PubMed Health 2013). This immune response causes inflammation, which triggers immune cells to destroy axons “along any area of the brain, optic nerve, and spinal cord” (PubMed Health 2013). When the myelin sheath “is damaged, nerve signals slow down or stop” thus hindering the propagation of action potentials and limiting function (PubMed Health 2013).
What is Multiple Sclerosis? Ms is an Autoimmune disorder. When the disorder progresses the nerves will be damaged and so the damaged is caused by inflammation. Another thing is the cells that were protected by a layer will be damaged as well. So when you have the damaged cell this will lead to the brain and the spinal cord. So that is what MS is.
According to National Multiple Sclerosis Society, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable, often disabling disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that disrupts the flow of information within the brain, and between the brain and body. The central nervous system (CNS) comprises of the brain and the spinal cord. CNS is coated and protected by myelin sheath that is made of fatty tissues (Slomski, 2005). The inflammation and damage of the myelin sheath causing it to form a scar (sclerosis). This results in a number of physical and mental symptoms, including weakness, loss of coordination, and loss of speech and vision. The way the disease affect people is always different; some people experience only a single attack and recover quickly, while others condition degenerate over time (Wexler, 2013). Hence, the diagnosis of MS is mostly done by eliminating the symptoms of other diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects both men and women, but generally, it is more common in women more than men. The disease is most usually diagnosed between ages 20 and 40, however, it can occur at any age. Someone with a family history of the disease is more likely to suffer from it. Although MS is not
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complicated chronic deteriorating disease that has an effect on the central nervous system (CNS). This disease causes destruction of the myelin around the nerve fibers. “The exact etiology of Multiple Sclerosis is unknown; however, it is thought to be an immune mediated disease. MS is characterized by CNS inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss” (Compston & Coles, 2008). Typically, it is described by early relapses and remissions of neurological signs of the CNS. This is known as relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). MS can be identified by a variety of known risk factors. Multiple Sclerosis can be brought on by a mixture of inherited and environmental risk factors such as smoking or an exposure to a virus like Epstein Barr. The inflammatory process has an interesting role on the central nervous system.
The Dana Foundation, 2013. Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis [online] Available at: < http://www.dana.org/news/cerebrum/detail.aspx?id=39986> [Accessed 06 December 2013].
When a message comes to the brain from body parts such as the hand, the brain dictates the body on how to respond such as instructing muscles in the hand to pull away from a hot stove. The nerves in one’s skin send a message of pain to the brain. In response, the brain sends a message back dictating the muscles in one’s hand to pull away from the source of pain. Sensory neurons are nerve cells that carry signals from outside of the body to the central nervous system. Neurons form nerve fibers that transmit impulses throughout the body. Neurons consists of three basic parts: the cell body, axon, and dendrites. The axon carries the nerve impulse along the cell. Sensory and motor neurons are insulated by a layer of myelin sheath, the myelin helps
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of the central nervous system. It is understood as an autoimmune disease, a condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks normal tissues. In Multiple Sclerosis, the patient’s own cells & antibodies attack the fatty myelin sheath that protects and insulates nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord, the two components of the CNS. This ultimately causes damage to the nerve cells and without the insulation the myelin sheath provides, nerve communication is disrupted. Hence, Multiple Sclerosis is characterized by symptoms that reflect central nervous system involvement (Luzzio, 2014).
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that involves the different areas of the central nervous system, the brain, and spinal cord. It damages the myelin sheath, the material that surrounds and protects the
Multiple Sclerosis is a nervous system disease that affects the spinal cord and the brain by damaging the myelin sheaths that protects nerve cells. Destroyed myelin prevents messages from communicating and sending properly from the brain, through the spinal cord, to internal body parts. In the United States, more than 350,000 people are diagnosed with this disease. Anyone can get this disease, but it is more common among Caucasian women. MS symptoms begin between the ages 20-40 and are caused by nerve lesions being present in multiple areas of the Central Nervous System, symptoms differ on the lesion’s location.
The myelin sheath is a fatty substance that surrounds the axons of the nerves and provides protection. It allows messages to be sent rapidly and accurately to the axons from long distances (Serono, 2010). The axons are the part of the nervous system that allows electrical transmission of signals throughout the brain and spinal cord. Without these electrical transmissions, the body would not be able to function properly (Serono, 2010).
Myelination, aka axon insulation, increases action potential conduction up to 150m/s compared to 0.5-10m/s conduction velocities of unmyelnated axons!
The brain consists of both neurons and glia cells. The neurons, which are cells housed in a cell body called a Soma, have branches which extend from them, referred to as dendrites. From these dendrites extend axons which send and receive impulses, ending at junction points called synapses. It is at these synapse points that the transfer of information takes place.
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain and the spinal cord serves as the collection section of the nerve impulses. With damage to the peripheral nervous system the central nervous wouldn’t be able to interpret the stimuli’s because they wouldn’t be able to receive them. This system is considered to be ...
(Kuhn 2006 and silveri 2006) says that myelin is the fat tissue which forms around axons and speeds the neurotransmission which can enable the better communication with other regions