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The disadvantages of the partition of india
Essay on partition of india
India subcontinent and partitions
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In 1947 British rulers of India divided India in two countries. Pakistan consisting of Muslims majority provinces and India with Hindus and other religious majority people (cite?). This partition was due to the demands by Muslims who found it impossible to live with Hindus as they were socially, morally and religiously different from them.
Process of this Muslim Hindu separation was started out by Muslim educator Sir Syed Ahmed Khan who in 1857 established the Mohamadan Oriental Collage to educate Muslims in Aligarh which would later become known as the Aligarh University. In 1906, to counter the growing influence of Hindu majority, graduates of this university organized a party of their own and named it the All India Muslim League. This party played a pivotal role in making Muslims politically active and making the British aware of their concerns. Ultimately, in 1947 under the leadership of Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the party succeeded in the creation of Pakistan. As Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and his colleague were working for Muslims to have a political voice, there were others, for example, Allan Octavian Hume and Dadabhai among others who, in 1885, organized the Indian National Congress party. Initially, its purpose was to demand the British government to provide more jobs for educated Indians but later on, under the leadership of Mohandas Gandhi and Pundit Nehru, it worked for Independence from British rule resulting in 1947 in creation of Hindu majority country India.
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan has become to be known as the most influential educationist and political Muslim leader in India (cite?). Before the British colonized India, Mogul Emperors encouraged education for both Hindus and Muslims in one pla...
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...Singh, into India .Pakistan not agreeing to this decision invaded Kasmir Pakistan in 1947 launched a military attack and succeeded in occupying a small part and established a province called Azad Kashmir. Since than there have been multiple wars between India and Pakistan on this issue and there has been ongoing struggle for independence within India’s Kashmir which India has been trying to forcibly put down resulting in wide spread human right abuses.
Lord Louis Mountbatten
Lord Mountbatten ,Born June 25th 1900 in England, was a decorated navy admiral who in 1947 became last Viceroy of India. As a viceroy he was tasked to negotiate with Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Gandhi and Nehru and overseas Independence of India and Pakistan. From 1947 to 1948 after independence he became the first governer general of India On august 27th 1979 He was assassinated in bomb blast.
Rahman, Fazlur. Islam & Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition. Chicago: U of Chicago, 1982. Print.
The first occurrence sparked a fight in 1857, taking the shape of the Sepoy Rebellion. The British had once again disregarded the culture of the people they controlled and tried to force the sepoys to disregard their ancient traditions and follow British orders. This caused the sepoys to revolt, a bloody war to start, and the rest is history. Further conflict in Southern Asia arrived in the form of a religious dispute between the Hindu’s and the Muslim’s. The bigotry on each side grew so substantial that eventually they were forced to split into two countries, India and Pakistan, resulting in massive migration with over 200,000 deaths and almost 14 million displaced, all due to the fact that neither side trusted the other’s religion. India and Pakistan still view each other as treacherous rivals to this day and show no signs of reconciling anytime
Asani, Ali. “In Praise of Muhammad: Sindhi and Urdu Poems.” Religions of India in Practice. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995.
The partition of India left the subcontinent divided and devastated. Homes were dislocated as boundaries between the two countries were drawn. Scores of people were uprooted they had to leave behind all their material possessions and move on to be relocated. A couple of decades passed before the subcontinent could accept the reality of the two countries-one of them in two parts and separated by more than two thousand miles. From the late sixties differences between East and West Pakistan got aggravated and the burning cauldron finally exploded in 1971.
The Prince of Kashmir chose India but Pakistan invaded the province soon after and have occupied part of Kashmir since then. Controversy still surrounds the province today because naturally, Muslims want to control it. While many Muslims relocated to Pakistan and the Hindus to India, half of the Muslim population was left in India and their relations did not improve after being partially separated.
During the Cold War, many regional conflicts occurred and were noted as the significant battles which later led to decolonization. One of the regional conflicts were India and Pakistan fighting for their independence. In 1947, India was released under Great Britain’s control and gained its independence. However, the country was divided between Muslims and Hindus, which share different religions. Muslims wanted church and state to become unified while Hindus wanted a separation of these two establishments. Since these two ethnic groups disagreed, it was difficult to create a new government. Therefore, India was divided into two nations: India for the Hindus and Pakistan for the Muslims. Hindus and Muslims were racing to the border in order to get to their nation state which led to killing 500,000 people due to rioting. Although, Mohandas Gandhi, an Indian National Congressman, wanted to obtain peace between these two religions. Pakistan refused the H...
Whilst the growth of Indian nationalism put considerable pressure on the Raj, historians offer many interpretations as to the fundamental cause of Independence. Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement and subsequent campaigns meant that nationalism began to appeal to the masses and helped establish a broad based movement for Independence. However, the British were always able to supress the nationalist movements, through reform or by using force, up to the Quit India movement of 1942. British involvement in the Great War and particularly the Second World War placed them in a weaker position economically, whilst the social and political expectations of the Indian people were changing, which strengthened nationalism and discontent.
Introduction In late 1947, the newly created states of India and Pakistan went to war over the valley of Kashmir. A United Nations brokered ceasefire divided the state into Indian and Pakistani controlled territories, and resolved that a referendum would be held in which the people of Kashmir would be able to choose to join either country. The referendum has not been held to date. India granted its portion of Kashmir a special status within its constitution, allowing for a great degree of self-autonomy.
dominant power in India. The military campaigns of Robert Clive and the administrative enterprise of Warren
...tween the Hindus and Muslims, Jinnah felt that Muslims had no future in India (Overfield 216). With the end of British rule in 1947, not only did India gain its independence but also along with it was born an other country, Pakistan where Jinnah served as the first governor (Overfield 216). With the gain of India’s independence, Gandhi was shot the following year in 1948 by a Hindu zealot who resented his commitment to Hindu – Muslim harmony (Overfield 212).
The Second World War was undoubtedly the most major factor which led to Indian Independence in 1947. Whilst India might have obtained independence within a decade after 1947 had it not been for the war; the war was the catalyst which led to the Labour government being elected in 1945, and the fulfilment of Labour’s 1941 promise that they would give India independence if they were able to form a government in the coming years. Separate from the war, many other factors showed that it no longer made sense for Britain to continue the ‘civilizing mission’ in India after 1947, such as the fact that India was no longer profitable for Britain, the increased presence of popular Indian nationalism with figures such as Ghandi and Nehru spearheading the movement, and the dilution of the British army and administration within India. These factors added to the national and international feeling that Britain could no longer continue to occupy India, especially given the hypocrisy that Britain still had an imperialistic empire after having fought Germany for five years, partly against the principle of imperialism. The imperialist view of Britain leaving India because of the idea that the ‘civilizing mission’ had been completed is largely invalid. The British left because it no longer made moral, but more importantly financial sense to stay; principally because of the short and long term effects of the Second World War.
14 August, 1947, saw the birth of the new Islamic Republic of Pakistan. At midnight the next day India won its freedom from colonial rule, ending nearly 350 years of British presence in India. During the struggle for freedom, Gandhi had written an appeal "To Every Briton" to free their possessions in Asia and Africa, especially India (Philips and Wainwright, 567). The British left India divided in two. The two countries were founded on the basis of religion, with Pakistan as an Islamic state and India as a secular one.
Ruby Kaur May 10, 2014 Source 1 Ricardo Pollack is distinguished as a director because of the documentary, Partition: The Day India Burned (2007). The documentary itself discusses the detrimental consequences of the withdrawal of Britain's reign from India in 1947, which led to the forced relocation of men, women, and even children across newly defined border lines, along with violence, rape, and murder. The film makes its argument through dramatized reconstructions and witness testimonies, which offer personal insight into the horrors of the partition and conjure up feelings of sympathy and remorse. The film intends to make an educated public more aware of how an ethnically diverse nation was tragically divided and its effects on civilian lives. This is a secondary source with primary sources because it is based on witness testimonies and an actual historical event, but offers its own evaluation on the issue through dramatized reconstructions of the event.
We can start by recounting history, where the roots of the conflict lie. India was one massive nation made up of several states, ruled by the British. A long and difficult independence struggle culminated with the British choosing to leave India in August 1947. The Muslims of the land decided that instead of just a Free India, they would create a Free Pakistan for themselves as well. They were fearful that as a minority, the Hindu majority would trample their rights and religion. Both countries would be formed as soon as the British handed back control in August. The rulers of each individual state constituting India would chose which country to join, hopefully following the wishes of its people. This idea was fraught with problems. There were quite a few states that had a majority of one religion yet the ruler belonged to another faith. The states of Hyderabad and Junagarh were examples of this. Both had Hindu majorities and M...
The Muslims stayed devoted to Sir Syed's recommendation, however events were rapidly changing the Indian arena and political issues were surfacing in all areas of the population. However the main motivating factor was that the Muslims' elite, intellectual class needed representation and that the masses required a platform to unite on.