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Parental consent needs to be required for underage women to have abortions
Parental consent needs to be required for underage women to have abortions
Parental consent needs to be required for underage women to have abortions
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The Child Custody Protection Act
The Child Custody Protection Act (CCPA), introduced on March 23, 1999 by Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (with currently 128 cosponsors), would make it a federal offense to transport a minor across state lines for the purpose of obtaining an abortion in contravention of a state law requiring parental involvement in a minor's decision to obtain an abortion (or judicial waiver of such a requirement). A violation of the Act is a Class One misdemeanor, carrying a fine of up to $100,000 and incarceration of up to one year.
Currently, more than 20 states require the consent or notification of at least one parent (or court authorization) before a minor can obtain an abortion.(1) These parental involvement laws enjoy overwhelming public support.(2)
Nevertheless, these laws are frequently circumvented by adults who transport minors to abortion providers in states that do not have parental notification or consent laws. The CCPA would curb the interstate circumvention of these laws, thereby protecting the rights of parents and the interests of vulnerable minors. The CCPA is not a federal parental involvement law; it merely ensures that these state laws are not evaded through interstate activity. The CCPA does not encroach on state powers, but rather reinforces state powers.
During the 105th Congress, CCPA (H.R. 3682) passed in the House by a vote of 276 to 150. The Senate took no final action upon the legislation. During the current Congress, the Subcommittee on the Constitution held a hearing on CCPA on May 27, 1999. At that hearing the Subcommittee received testimony regarding the need for the CCPA, the legal effects of the bill, and its constitutionality. The Subcommittee held a markup o...
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...addition, parental involvement laws in 12 other states are currently not in effect because of court action regarding those laws.
2. A 1998 New York Times/CBS News poll found that 78 percent of Americans support parental consent before abortions are performed on girls under the age of 18. Parental notification laws receive even greater support. A 1992 national poll by the Wirthlin Group found that 80 percent of Americans support requiring parental notification before an abortion is performed on a girl under age 18. It is not surprising, then, that 78% of registered voters in a recent poll by Baselice & Associates "strongly disagreed" when asked whether "a person [should] be able to take a minor girl across state lines to obtain an abortion without her parents' knowledge." Another 7% "somewhat disagreed," while only 3% "somewhat agreed" and 6% "strongly agreed."
...t or the mother’s life was physically in danger. Now, some states within the U.S. are trying to do everything in their power to close women’s facilities throughout the country, such as Planned Parenthood and any other women’s choice facilities. If the politicians close centers that provide reproductive health services, it will end establishments that administer birth control, which can lead to a higher risk of unplanned pregnancy amongst women.
According to Zastrow (2014), women burdened by unwanted children cannot receive proper job training (p. 560). If women who are already struggling have children, they will not be able to afford childcare, resulting in staying home and not working. Therefore, these women and their children are trapped in a vicious poverty and welfare cycle. Studies have shown that women who are denied access to an abortion are more likely to face financial hardships and receive public assistance after the denial. Women denied the procedure are three times as likely to end up below the federal poverty line, in comparison to women who are able to obtain care (The EACH Woman Act (H.R. 2972), 2016). Additionally, the children suffer especially if they live have to live in poverty with unmet needs. If there are bans on funding, women do not get the final say regarding their family structure. They do not have the autonomy to limit their families to the number of children they desire and can physically and emotionally manage to pay for. Because its effects resonate beyond the policy realm, there has been discontent with the Hyde Amendment since it was enacted in the
...ating her pregnancy . . . we have long upheld parental involvement statutes,” (law.cornell.edu, 2012), also from the majority opinion. Based on these beliefs and similar antecedent cases, the Court unanimously decided that the bill did not need to be shot down. Instead, they simply remanded the lower courts to determine the original legislative intent (renewamerica.com, 2012).
Since the Roe decision the Supreme Court has heard more than a dozen cases involving attempts by the states or the national government to restrict abortion. In deciding these cases, the Court has modified its decision in Roe v. Wade by allowing states to regulate abortion in many additional ways. The Court has always maintained that at least in the first trimester a woman has a right to choose whether or not to continue a pregnancy. The Court has allowed some states to impose restrictions that make an abortion difficult to obtain, particularly for low-income women and teenagers. The Court has also upheld state laws requiring that pregnant girls under the age of 18 must notify at least one parent before obtaining an abortion.
The goal of Juvenile Courts and the Child Welfare Agencies is to protect and make decision in the best interest of children. The ASFA law was signed by President Bill Clinton. On November 19, 1997 after it was approved by the United States Congress earlier in the month. The law was the most significant piece of legislation dealing with child welfare in twenty years. States decided to interpret the law as requiring biological families to be kept together no matter what, but the law shifted emphasis towards children health and safety concerns and away from a policy of reuniting children with their birth parents without regards to their prior abuse. ASFA lead sponsor, Republican Senator John H. Chafee of Rhode Island said, “We will not continue the current system of always putting the needs and rights of biological parents first … It’s time we recognize that some families simply cannot and should not be kept together.” This phil...
In 1953 the civil code section 34.5 in californian constitution was placed in function to allow juveniles to give permission to clinics or health care providers to conduct abortions procedures without the consent of their parent or guardians. This new statute in the constitution of california would create an oncoming parade of allegations from opposers that it was too much freedom for teenagers. Many argued that if they can make this kind of decicions on their own might, then teens should be treated as adults and lower the age in which a person becomes an adult in california. The first attempt to change the constitution was with the introduction of AB 2274 (Frazee) Chapter 1237, Statutes of 1987. This statute required a written permission from the parents to terminate preg...
Throughout history, the government has been in charge of creating and regulating different types of laws. Many of the laws have been created to protect those who reside in that country and therefore are expected to be followed. However, not everyone believes that they should follow the law and in return decide to either ignore them or rebel against them. When members of society violate the simple law that has been set in place to protect those who do not possess the capability to protect themselves, it becomes a dangerous and horrendous tragedy. One of the most horrific laws that people violate is that of child abuse and neglect.
This essay will first address the statute used and interpretation of the threshold test by the courts, and then focus on cases involving vulnerable children to assess whether the statute in The Children Act 1989 is sufficient in protecting these children from harm. I will look at the argument in favour of the current approach taken by the courts, and the counter-argument in favour of changing the current approach. The arguments are delicately balanced and the law is always developing, so it will be interesting to see how the Supreme Court resolves this issue in future.
In the United States there are approximately 397,000 children in out-of home care, within the last year there was about 640,000 children which spent at least some time in out-of-home care. More than 58,000 children living in foster care have had their biological parental rights permanently terminated (Children’s Rights, 2014). Due to the rising number of children in foster care and the growing concerns of the safety, permanency, and well-being of children and families, the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 was signed into law. On November 19, 1997, President Bill Clinton signed the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997, to improve the safety of children, to promote adoption and other permanent homes for children who need them, and to support families (Child Welfare League of America). The Adoption and Safe Families Act also promotes adoption by offering incentive payments for States. During the FY of 1999-2003 the payment to states which had exceeded the average number of adoptions received $20 million (Child Welfare League of America). The ASFA improved the existing federal child welfare law to require that the child’s health and safety be a “paramount” concern in any efforts made by the state to preserve or reunify the child’s family, and to provide new assurances that children in foster care are safe (Shuman, 2004).
Child abuse and neglect incidence rates are approximately ten times higher than the incidence rates for cancer. The incident rates for child abuse and neglect are 40 children per 1,000 children every year. The incidence rates for cancer patients are 3.9 people per 1,000 people every year. According to Frank Putnam (2005), “We find an incidence rate for child abuse and neglect that is about ten times as high as the incidence rate for all forms of cancer…There is a multi-billion-dollar research base reliably renewed on an annual basis for cancer treatment and prevention. Nothing remotely similar to this exists for child abuse and neglect” (p. 1). The 2001 federal fiscal year budget was $3.74 billion for the National Cancer Institution. Between all of CAPTA’s grants combined, the total of monetary governmental support comes to approximately $72 million. While cancer research is an incredible thing, child abuse and neglect programs should be well funded in order to help more children. In addition to more children being helped, if funding for abuse awareness increased, there would possibly be more jobs open for social workers and other types of advocates. (The Leadership Council on Child Abuse and Interpersonal Violence, 2005).
An issue that has flared up in today’s society, abortion is a highly debated topic that has sparked some of the most violent discussions. The rapid growth in teenage pregnancy has only increased the amount of attention that has been drawn to abortion and whether it is ethical or not. While some say that a woman is in power of her own body and can make choices based on her best interest, some take much offense to that and demand that a baby is a baby no matter how small it is and that abortion is never okay. It is important to know going into this debate that to argue one side, one would have to be 100% consistent with that decision because of all of the grey areas that come up regarding abortion. With that being said, I still believe that a mother should take responsibility of the situation and recognize that, even though it is minuscule, a baby is a person the moment it begins to develop inside of her.
Abortion is a topic that many don’t want to discuss. It’s a very personal decision that many women have to make each day, but in certain states, getting an abortion was becoming an even more difficult process. Not only did women have to decide to get an abortion that alone is a difficult choice, they now had to wait 24 hours, minors had to get consent, and/or inform the father of the child. But after all of this process, what if a woman couldn’t receive all of this? Would she be denied her right to get an abortion? The Supreme Court case, Planned Parenthood of PA v. Casey, wasn’t known for what it did, but mainly for what it did not do, which was not overruling Roe v. Wade, but reaffirming a woman’s right to an abortion; it questioned a state’s right to impose or place an “undue burden” on women.
Although compromises based on reasons for abortion have been incorporated in laws such as the Hyde Amendment, which restricts Medicaid funding for abortion to so-called “hard” cases, many people now focus on time-based restrictions. This idea is more realistic and practical than banning abortion all together since there would still ...
With so many women choosing to have abortions, it would be expected that it would not be so greatly frowned up, yet society is still having problems with its acceptance. Every woman has the fundamental right to decide for herself, free from government interference, whether or not to have an abortion. Today, more than ever, American families do not want the government to trample on their right to privacy by mandating how they must decide on the most intimate, personal matters. That is why, even though Americans may differ on what circumstances for terminating a crisis pregnancy are consistent with their own personal moral views, on the fundamental question of who should make this personal decision, the majority of Americans agree that each woman must have the right to make this private choice for herself. Anti-choice proposals to ban abortions for “sex-selection” or “birth-control” are smokescreens designed to shift the focus of the debate away from this issue and trivialize the seriousness with which millions of women make this highly personal decision. Any government restriction on the reasons for which women may obtain legal abortions violates the core of this right and could force all women to publicly justify their reasons for seeking abortion.
In America, one million teenagers get pregnant every year (National Abortion Federation, 2003). Of these pregnancies, 78% are unplanned because these teenagers start having sex at a very young age and are unaware of ways to prevent pregnancies. Thirty five percent of the pregnant teenagers chose to abort, as they fear that the consequences of the pregnancy might cause significant effects to their lives. The problems that come with teenage pregnancies include dropping out of school, receiving inadequate prenatal care, developing health problems, relying on public assistance to raise a child, and probably divorcing their partners. In most states, the law allows pregnant teenagers to take their babies for adoption without consulting their parents. The same laws allow the teenagers to have an abortion but require parental notification or consent before carrying out the procedure. These laws prove biased as they favor one resolution over the other, as they force some to bear babies they do not want by restricting their options.