Aim. The purpose of this paper is to clarify and analyze the meaning of the concept of pain. The paper will clarify the defining attributes of pain and identify the antecedents that influence the perception of pain and list the consequences of pain. It will also state the empirical referents in reference to pain. Rationale. Pain is one of the most common reasons why individuals seek medical attention in a health care setting. Clarifying the concept of pain will help health care providers provide the best effective care of pain and pain management. Methods. Literature for this concept analysis was accessed from the TSU online library using CINAHL database, our textbook and literature found on the internet. The Walker and Avant’s (1995) concept analysis method was used to guide this concept analysis. Findings. Pain has many different meanings to many people. What is important to know as a nurse or health care provider is that pain is what the patient says it is. It is not the nurse or provider’s place to determine what the patient’s pain is but rather take an in-depth history and assessment. Using this assessment and history can therefore help treat your patient’s pain accordingly. Also pain theories have been proposed and used the implications of nursing practice in regard to pain. Conclusions. An adequate and clear understanding of the concept of pain and implementing interventions of pain treatment and management is essential in the clinical settings. Understanding the concept of pain is necessary for its relationships with other concepts that are related and similar to the pain experience for theory building. The in the end, understanding the concept of pain will ultimately benefit the patient and lead to better and approp... ... middle of paper ... ...nglish Dictionary. Pain. Retrieved from http://dictionary.Oed.com on March 18, 2014. Sheridan, M. S. (1992). Pain in America. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press. Staats, P.S., Hekmat, H., & Staats, A.W. (2004). The psychological behaviorism theory of pain and the placebo: its principles and results of research application. Adv. Psychosom Med. 2004;25:28-40. Tracy, S.M., & Dinapoli, P.P. (2012) Exploring the Theory of Integral Nursing with Implications for Pain Management Practice. International Journal for Human caring, 16(1), 26-33. Walker, L. O., & Avant, K. C. (1995). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (3rd ed.). Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange. Wood, S. (2008) Assessment of pain. Nursing Times.net retrieved from http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/clinical-zones/pain-management/assessment-of- pain/1861174.article
Ziegler, S.M. (2005). Theory-driven nursing practice. (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
The events that happen prior to concept taking place are known as antecedents (Walker & Avant, 1995). In the concept of pain, three main actions happen for pain to occur. First, an internal or external noxious stimuli is received. This stimuli travels to the brain through the peripheral nerve system (Brunner, et al., 2010, p. 234). Second, the individual must become aware of the stimuli. Lastly, the stimuli must be perceived as painful.
What exactly is pain? According to Webster's dictionary, pain is "physical suffering typically from injury or illness; a distressing sensation in a part of the body; severe mental or emotional distress". Most everyone reading this paper has experienced some form of physical pain at some point during their lives; most everyone has even experienced the common daily pains such as stubbing our toe as we walk through the living room, accidentally biting our tongue as we chew, and having the afternoon headache after a long day of work. No matter the fact that it is unpleasant, pain has a very important role in telling the body that something is not right and leading to behavior that will remove the body from a source of potential injury. Imagine if we could not experience pain. We would not be able to change our behavior in any way when touching the burning hot dish in the oven, resulting in potentially serious burns. We could not recognize that perhaps we twisted an ankle when walking down the stairs, thus continued walking on that foot would exacerbate the injury to the point of not being able to walk at all. Indeed, pain is not pleasant, but in many cases it is an important way for our nervous system to learn from and react to the environment.
At some point of life, virtually everyone experiences some types of pain. Despite the availability of standardized pain management methods such as using analgesics and opioids, patients might inadequately managed for pain if pain assessments are done inefficiently. Nurses are in a unique position to assess pain as they have the most contact with the child and their family in hospital. Getting a thorough pain assessment occasionally hard for nurses with the patients whom cannot collaborate. For example, pain in infants and children can be difficult to assess.
Pain is much easier to endure if we know that it has purpose. We can accept pain, if we know it will lead to a better outcome. Doctors tell us that pain is a friend. Without it, we would not know something is wrong. The nerves in the body radiate sensations when the body is harmed. This leads to seeking aid because we feel the pain of the injury.
...c regimen, prolonged hospitalization, cost, workload on medical team, mortality rate. Moreover, unproductive assessment tool existence leads us to look for other evaluation criteria for pain. This study will aid in adding original information about the presented pain assessment tools and will demonstrate their effectiveness and ability to assess the level of pain in non-communicative patients comparing to The Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT)
Pain is considered a highly subjective assessment that should be managed promptly and appropriately. Pain assessment and management can be quite challenging. It is extremely important for nurses to develop a good rapport with the patient initially to gain their trust that he or she will respond to the needs of their pain. It is also important that the nurse believe that the patients who report pain as well as those who deny it or can not verbal express that they are in pain. A nurse that suspects pain should explore the suspected pain such as painful procedures or disorders.
This essay will aim to look at the main principles of cancer pain management on an acute medical ward in a hospital setting. My rational for choosing to look at this is to expend my knowledge of the chosen area. Within this pieces of work I will look to include physiological, psychological and sociological aspects of pain management.
Pain affects everyone; it sends thousands of people to hospitals, clinics and private care providers daily. A primitive warning system, pain is an unpleasant but important function for survival. In the physiological sense pain is the uncomfortable sensation felt by the sensory nerves (Taber’s). Pain can be described in a number of ways such as burning, aching or crushing. When assessing pain in her patient, a nurses first measure would be a question; “are you having pain”? No one will dispute the fact that this is the most reliable method of assessment, because pain is exclusively subjective in nature. Most schools teach that ‘pain is present when the patient says it is’.
Pain is a universal experience and everyone can agree that they have experienced in their lifetime. It could be acute pain which is stingy pain that is short lived which is related to tissue damage or chronic pain which can be long lasting. To identify the development of chronic pain we use the biopsychosocial model of pain, to help with psychological treatment in determining chronic pain using techniques and therapy. The article Psychological Treatment of Chronic pain written by Robert D. Kerns is on chronic pain management and in which it breaks down into categories showing a review of the psychological treatments for chronic pain, using self-regulatory approaches as well as behavioral, cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment
The major concepts deduced from the hypothesis fall under three categories: (1) multimodal intervention, (2) attentive care, and (3) patient participation. Multimodal intervention includes the concepts of potent pain medication, pharmacological adjuvants, and non-pharmacological adjuvants. Attentive care relates to the assessment of pain and side effects and intervention along with reassessments. Patient participation includes goal setting and patient education. The resulting outcome of these three categories working together is the balance between analgesia and side effects.
(9-10) Anticipatory pain has been linked to higher levels of anxiety and is noted to create more pain for the patient through a nocebo hyperalgesia effect. (10) Stress can be as simple as fear of the pain felt from removing a bandage, to stress over how the patient will pay for treatments when they can barely pay for food. Although some stressors cannot be relieved by the clinician, fears and anxiety can be relieved by explaining the procedure, allowing the patient to take analgesics before treatment, selecting atraumatic dressings, and encircling the patient in the wound care process. (9-10) Addressing the holistic side with therapeutic touch or meditation can alleviate aspects of pain not relieved by medication. Educating the patient in their pain management addresses any apprehensions or misconceptions they may have while integrating the patient into the care team.
Walker, L. O. & Avant, K. C. (2011). Strategies for theory construction in nursing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
Pain. Pain means physical suffering or discomfort caused by illness or injury. A word that can describe many, pain holds dark memories to those who felt it. Can people feel others pain? Can they describe what they are feeling? The world is different and more developed than 100 years ago, but the suffering remains in most places. Pain is everywhere, but many don’t notice what's happening around the world, and some just shrug it off as if it doesn’t matter. The news shows people suffering and everybody sees their pleading eyes asking for help but nobody blinks an eye at it. Every day thousands of lives are in the pit of despair, and they lack the courage to run away. Their hopes and dreams become shattered every second. They want to give up because
Pain scores are an important tool in assessing pain but are subjective due individual perception and interpretation (Wikström et al. 2014, p. 53). Pain in one patient compared to another of the same individualities, same surgery, same method, same medications can have completely different pain scores; this can be due to anxiety, pain tolerance levels, opioid tolerance and biological differentiations (Tharakan & Faber 2015, p. 181). The outlined evidence demonstrates the importance of listening to the patient and systematically assessing their pain perception, to determine the best treatment in consultation with the patient and other healthcare professionals (Cyna & Tan 2013, pp. 785-6). Others commonly involved in patient care are family members and significant others. This is due to research that shows these relationships can assist in a faster recovery for patients, due to positive influences, improving overall well-being and health outcomes (Clay & Parsh 2016). In special circumstances, patients family members or significant others may be permitted to enter recovery to sit beside the patient; at this point, the role of the nurse should be to build a therapeutic and professional relationship to support the family member and reassure them not to worry (Wicker 2015, p.