Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever is becoming a major disease in many countries, but especially in Montenegro. Montenegro may not seem like a big concern, but they are in dire need of your assistance. The Organization for the Prevention of Diseases among Developing Countries would be the perfect charitable organization to help me raise awareness and help me to fight to suppress the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Montenegro. Before I explain to you my proposal for treatment and prevention of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, I would like you to better understand this disease.
“Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever is one of the most widely distributed viral hemorrhagic fevers” (Crimean-Congo, 2007). “It is very common in Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East and Asia; in countries south of the 50th parallel north” (WHO, 2013). This disease is transmitted from ticks and livestock animals. Sheep, cattle, and goats are typical hosts of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. “These animals become infected by the bite of infected ticks and the virus remains in their bloodstream for about one week after infection, allowing the tick-animal-tick cycle to continue when another tick bites” (WHO, 2013). Although many different types of ticks are capable of being vectors, the most common tick vector for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever is the Hyalomma tick. The Hyalomma ticks store the virus in their bodies as well as pass it on to animals and humans. (Crimean-Congo). Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever can be deadly when a human is infected, but may not be apparent in an animal (Crimean-Congo, 2007).
“The Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus is transmitted to people either by tick bites or through contact with infected animal blood or tissues during and...
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...from http://www.natap.org/2003/Jan/011403_4.htm
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that transmitted the HIV virus to humans through bites (Forsyth). As people migrated it reached Haiti and then spread to America (Clark p. 65).
Wechsler, Henry, PhD, Jae Eun Lee, DrPH, Toben F. Nelson, MS, and Meichun Kuo, ScD.
West Nile virus (WNV) is a single-stranded flavivirus mostly present in the eastern hemisphere that can affect humans, birds, horses, mosquitoes, and other domestic and wild animals. It has plagued the world since it was first identified in West Nile province of Uganda in 1937 (Sally Murray). Since this time, according to the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC), the disease has been spotted in “Africa … Europe, the Middle East, West and Central Asia … the United States … Canada,” and now Central America. Despite its discovery in the 1930’s, the western hemisphere went without the disease until 1999; the first documented case of WNV in the United States was in New York (Watson). West Nile Virus presents a near never-ending problem for the United States because of its similarities to other arboviral disease and its ability to transmit quickly.
West Nile Virus has been determined to be a flavivirus. Flavivirus has been defined as, "a type of arbovirus that causes a wide range of diseases in humans,including yellow fever, dengue, and West Nile fever. It is spread by ticks or mosquitoes". (flavi...
The purpose statement from my articles ( Arnetz et al., Berry at al., and Khadjehturian,) all helped to comprehensively answer both my PICOT and Clinical questions.
When a deadly disease come to mind, one may think of Ebola or MERS, but for centuries—before either of those diseases were born—Yellow Fever wreaked havoc as one of the most deadly and rapidly spreading diseases. Unlike many illnesses associated with age or weakness, Yellow Fever affects seemingly healthy people; mostly men who work outdoors especially in tropical environments (i.e. loggers, farmers, construction workers) (“Yellow Fever” Gale Encyclopedia). This is because yellow fever—a virus—is transmitted through the bite of a mosquito. Although it has been mostly eradicated from North America and Europe, millions of people are at risk to yellow fever every day, mostly in Sub-Saharan Equatorial Africa or South America (“Yellow Fever” World
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In 1976 the first two Ebola outbreaks were recorded. In Zaire and western Sudan five hundred and fifty people reported the horrible disease. Of the five hundred and fifty reported three hundred and forty innocent people died. Again in 1995 Ebola reportedly broke out in Zaire, this time infecting over two hundred and killing one hundred and sixty. (Bib4, Musilam, 1)
Marburg hemorrhagic fever (Marburg HF) is a rare but acute hemorrhagic fever that affects both humans and primates. Transmission is mainly human-to-human, resulting from close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected persons. Illness caused by Marburg virus begins abruptly, with high fever, severe headache and severe malaise. The individuals at the highest risk of transmission include family members and hospital staff who care for patients infected with Marburg virus. Individuals who have close interaction with African fruit bat, human patients, or non-human primates disease-ridden with Marburg Virus are at risk. The variance diagnoses usually consist of malaria, typhoid fever, shigellosis, cholera,
According to the World Health Organization, the reason why there are many Ebola outbreaks in West Africa is because they have “very weak health systems, lacking human and infrastructural resources, having only recently emerged from long periods of conflict and instability.” A hum...
Ed. David Zieve. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 26 Feb. 2014. Web. The Web.