Osteoporosis, or "porous bones", is a skeletal condition characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue.1 It can lead to bone fragility and an increase in falls and fractures. Decreased bone mass in osteoporosis is classified into primary and secondary groups with primary osteoporosis further divided into Type 1 and Type 2. Type 2 refers to postmenopausal osteoporosis which usually occurs 3 to 6 years after reaching menopause. Postmenopausal osteoporosis affects approximately 10 million people in the United States, and 80% of the affected population are women 50 years of age and older. Every year, more than 1.5 million osteoporosis-related fractures occur in elderly Americans. Osteoporosis-related fracture …show more content…
When RANKL and RANK interact, it induces bone resorption. Although the condition affects both men and women, postmenopausal women are more likely to have osteoporosis because of a 2-3% loss of bone mass resulting from a decline in 17βEstradiol concentrations, and because women generally have 30% less bone mass than men throughout life. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is associated with secondary causes such as estrogen deficiency, glucocorticorticoid induction, and hyperparathyroidism.2 Other risk factors include increasing age, race, family history, small stature, low weight, early menopause or oophorectomy, sedentary lifestyle, decrease mobility, low calcium uptake, excessive alcohol intake, and cigarette smoking.1 Osteoporosis has no clinical manifestations until there is a fracture, with vertebral fractures the most common.2 Approximately two-thirds of fractures are asymptomatic and are diagnosed as an incidental finding on chest radiograph. In contrast, approximately one-third of vertebral fractures are symptomatic with signs of acute back pain after bending, coughing, or …show more content…
Patients with severe renal impairment, defined by a creatinine clearance of less than 30ml/min or if the patient is on dialysis, should be monitored closely because of the risk of hypocalcemia. Denosumab is FDA approved for postmenopausal osteoporosis in women and men who are at high risk for fracture, in men receiving androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for bone loss, in women who are receiving aromatase inhibitor (AI) for breast cancer, prophylactically for those with bone metastasis associated with solid tumors, unresectable or high risk surgery giant cell tumor of bone, and hypercalcemia of malignancy refractory to bisphosphate therapy. Off-Label use of denosumab includes bone destruction caused by rheumatoid
Osteoporosis: Causes, Effects, and Prevention More than 20 million people in the united states are affected by osteoporosis disease every year. Furthermore, Osteoporosis leads to about 1.5 million fractures in this country every year ("Celebrate World Osteoporosis Day, 2016). Osteoporosis is a common disease where people lose bone density faster than normal. This disease causes the bone to become weak and brittle which leads to fractures of the spine, hip, and wrist from a simple fall or even a
Osteoporosis is the loss of bone mass that results in the bones thinning. The thinning of the bones causes them to be very weak, fragile and they are susceptible to fractures and breaks easily. Osteoporosis mostly affects the skeletal system because it’s made up of bones, but it impacts other systems in the body indirectly. Osteoporosis can result if the body does not produce enough bone cell through Ossification or if the body losses or destroys a lot of bone cells. This means when suffering from
Introduction Osteoporosis is a common disease that affects about 54 millions of Americans in United States, and women represent the 80 % of those individuals according to the National Osteoporosis Foundation (2015). Osteoporosis is a disease with a high risk of bone fracture due to the advance loss of bone density, and consequently skeletal strength is compromised. Women 's age to be at risk of osteoporosis is around 50 years old or over, while in men is after age 65 or over. Bone density is maintained
Main Functions of the Skeletal System Depicting its Disorder Introduction: The skeletal system is composed of two hundred and six bones in the human body. Functions such as the tendons, cartilage, and ligaments connect the bones and tissues together. Bone tissues make up about 18% of the weight of the human body. There are two types of tissue inside the bones. They consist of; compact bone and spongy bone. First, compact bone depicts the main shaft of long bones in the human body such as the arms
Skeletal System is when a bunch of bones, muscle and tissues work together to make to make a life form move. There are 209 bones in a human body. With those 209 bone they help with things like protecting your organ, helping you move and make important blood cell your body needs to survive. There are many organs/ Function the skeletal system have. With the skeletal system, we are going to start with the major organs thats connect everything. There are Tendons, Cartilage, Ligaments and joints.
The age-related change that I am most concerned about developing is osteoporosis. The bones in our bodies are living tissue, and there is an ongoing process of replacement and reabsorption. When this process is interrupted in a way that the new bone doesn’t keep up with removing the old bone, osteoporosis can happen. Studies tell us that men and women are affected, but Caucasian and Asian women who are post menopause are at a higher risk of developing this bone disease. It causes bones to be
Many factors can result in the development of scoliosis, such as osteoporosis, joint problems, related diseases, degeneration of disks, obesity, poor posture, vitamin D deficiency, muscle weakness, or it can also be congenital. This disorder most often affects children just before puberty during a growth spurt and can worsen
physical changes in our later years especially in the skeletal and muscular system. Our body’s skeletal system could be considered the ‘infrastructure’ of the human body consisting of 206 bones along with a network of ligaments and cartilage to connect them all. This system performs vital functions to the survival of the body, and over time, it too deteriorates just like any other living thing. One of the most common diseases of the bone
Pg. 2 Pathology and Biology of Osteoporosis. Pg. 2 Causes Pg. 3 Effects Pg.3 Osteoporosis in Men Vs. Women Pg.3 Diagnosis of Osteoporosis Pg. 4 Treatments Pg
This paper explores the human skeletal system including its purpose, structure, and the common diseases and disorders that affect it. The human skeleton has a unique design meant to provide structural support and act as a reservoir for minerals in the body. The paper also expounds on the components of the skeletal system such as the axial and appendicular skeletal systems. The axial skeletal system is tasked with supporting the head, neck, and trunk. It is composed of the cranium, vertebral column
age, it’s possible for old bone to break down faster than the building of new bone. Osteoporosis is a disease that occurs in the bones. The bones are part of the skeletal system which contains a total of 206 bones. Osteo means bones and porosis means porous. This disease causes the bones to become weak and brittle. Some victims of this disease are not aware that anything is wrong because in the beginning osteoporosis is subtle and painless until a bone breaks. According to (Gronholz, 2008) 30 million
Skeletal System Functions: The Skeletal system performs vital functions; supports movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium storage and endocrine regulation. That enables the human body to survive. Main Parts / Structures and Functions: The skeleton is divided into two major parts: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body and includes skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. The appendicular skeleton includes the appendages
Physiology of Osteoporosis Kezia Mitchell Biology 200A : Human Anatomy and Physiology Professor Eivers TA Peter Ewing February 29,2016 Introduction The physiology of the bone is important to understand to comprehend the effects of osteoporosis. Bones are organs are having three levels of structure: Gross anatomy, Microscopic, and Chemical. Gross anatomy concerns bone textures, such as compact or spongy. [mention others]. The 206 bones in the bodied are classified by shape;
women and 10 million men aged 50 years or older have osteoporosis, low bone mineral density, or both, placing them at risk for disabling fractures” (Gronholz, 2008). Osteoporosis is a bone disease that occurs when the bones become fragile and brittle from the loss of tissue. The disease affects the entire skeleton including the spongy bone layer. Bones with a large spongy bone percentage are usually weakened and affected the most by condition. These would include the spine, the hips and the wrists
Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is one of the main types of bone diseases that is more commonly developed in the adult years of men and women, but can also affect younger aged people too. This disease contributes to “…decrease bone mass, increased skeletal fragility, and an increased risk of fractures…” (Caple & Schub. 2014). Bones are constantly being replaced by new bone hence it is living tissue. Osteoporosis eventually occurs when new bone has failed to be developed. In Canada, “1.5 million Canadians