INTRODUCTION:
Bacteria play a very decisive role of silently getting the nature purge of the dead matter through the disintegration of dead organic matter by the microbes. They use them as a foundation of nutrients, and in turn help in recycling the organic compounds trapped in the dead matter. Through this process, other organisms also get profited, who can use the simpler forms of organic compounds/nutrients released from the dead matter by various bacteria.
Figure 1: Decomposition of organic matter by Bacteria
(Image source: http://www.teachoceanscience.net)
Microorganisms are lifeforms that are small enough to be microscopic. In other words, they require a microscope to be seen. Examples of types of microorganisms include bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and fungi.
ROLE IN ECOSYSTEM:
For an ecosystem to work effectively, it has to have many organisms working together in a constant cycle. Microorganisms exists in huge
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These useful microorganisms are plenty in all the fertile soils. Therefore, a farmer authorities the Azobaceter, Clostridium and other microorganisms to accumulate nitrogen from the air by allowing a field to lie unseeded or unplanted. Nitrogen of the commercial fertilizers are very costly.
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation:
The knots on the roots of leguminous plants (i.e., clover, beans, peas, alfalfa) contain bacteria belonging to the genus Rhizobium. While growing together with the plants, this genus Rhizobium gathers nitrogen from the air and combines it into substances essential for the growth of both the bacteria and the plants. The process is known as symbiotic nitrogen fixation
The leguminosae family, more commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family; contain most of the plant species that form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria. About 20,000 species of legumes form their symbiosis with rhizobia; a nodule-inducing bacteria. Legumes have emerged as a very valuable resource for many countries for various reasons. The seeds of legumes are very high in protein, and some can also be rich in oil. Some countries donate up to 60% of their arable land in order to plant various types of this plant family. This family of plants is also used to enhance soil fertility and is a valuable source of wood. In various agricultural systems, the need for chemical fertilizer is greatly reduced due to the nitrogen fixation of the symbiotic bacteria that is hosted by the legumes. In some areas, almost 50% of the nitrogen added to the soil is due to this symbiotic relationship (3). Although an exact estimate of this symbiosis is hard to determine, legume-rhizobia relationships remain important to the function and composition of many natural ecosystems throughout the world (2).
Lauffer, H. B., Williams, P., & Lauffer, D. (2012). Wisconsin Fast Plants® Program. Retrieved February 26, 2014, from http://www.fastplants.org
Microorganism is a living thing that cannot be seen by naked eye and is so small in size. Microorganism usually can be seen through microscope because microscope have the ability to see small thing using various magnification. The examples of microorganism are bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae and virus. Among all of the microorganisms, bacteria have the greatest advantages in preserving food and beverages. Bacteria are generally harmless but can produce enzymes that can alter the structure the food. In extreme cases, bacteria can secrete toxic substances that can cause the food to spoil.
...ed through many processes by different bacteria in order to make it into nitrate form, which is necessary for plant life. The importance of communities within an environment where species are not directly competing each other but have their own niche in order to create a well-balanced ecosystem. The process of succession where if the process is not interfered with it will result in greater diversity and a well-rounded ecosystem, and where succession goes wrong due to invasive species, and what was carefully crafted through the gradual process of divergence comes crashing down in a few careless moments. All of these things are amazing in how it affects, and changes things, and how it has crafted life into what we have today. These different cycles of ecology are definitely very powerful driving forces for the cycle of life in this world, yet easily tampered with.
- For cafeteria procedures, the student start from the playground. They would line up and go back inside the building around 10 minutes early to get their hands wash. We would take them to the rest room, and have boys and girls make two lines and start to wash their hands and use the rest room if needed. Once done, one student will carried a big basket that held the lunch boxes that they dropped in before the morning start. Inside the basket are also their I.D. for students who eat school lunch.
Bacterial cells, like plant cells, are surrounded by a cell wall. However, bacterial cell walls are made up of polysaccharide chains linked to amino acids, while plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, which contains no amino acids. Many bacteria secrete a slimy capsule around the outside of the cell wall. The capsule provides additional protection for the cell. Many of the bacteria that cause diseases in animals are surrounded by a capsule. The capsule prevents the white blood cells and antibodies from destroying the invading bacterium. Inside the capsule and the cell wall is the cell membrane. In aerobic bacteria, the reactions of cellular respiration take place on fingerlike infoldings of the cell membrane. Ribosomes are scattered throughout the cytoplasm, and the DNA is generally found in the center of the cell. Many bacilli and spirilla have flagella, which are used for locomotion in water. A few types of bacteria that lack flagella move by gliding on a surface. However, the mechanism of this gliding motion is unknown. Most bacteria are aerobic, they require free oxygen to carry on cellular respiration. Some bacteria, called facultatibe anaerobes can live in either the presence or absence of free oxygen. They obtain energy either by aerobic respiration when oxygen is present or by fermentation when oxygen is absent. Still other bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen. These are called obligate anaerobes. Such bacteria obtain energy only fermentation. Through fermentation, different groups of bacteria produce a wide variety of organic compounds. Besides ethyl alcohol and lactic acid, bacterial fermentation can produce acetic acid, acetone, butyl alcohol, glycol, butyric acid, propionic acid, and methane, the main component of natural gas. Most bacteria are heterotrophic bacteria are either saprophytes or parasites. Saprophytes feed on the remains of dead plants and animals, and ordinarily do not cause disease. They release digestive enzymes onto the organic matter. The enzymes breakdown the large food molecules into smaller molecules, which are absorbed by the bacterial cells. Parasites live on or in living organisms, and may cause disease. A few types of bacteria are Autotrophic, they can synthesize the organic nutrients they require from inorganic substances. Autotrophic bacteria are either photosynthetic or Chemosynthetic. The photosynthetic bacteria contain chlorophyll that are different from the plant chlorophyll. In bacterial photosynthesis, hydrogen is obtained by the splitting of compounds other than water.
They also describe microbes as organisms that are often too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope. Microbes, also known as microorganisms, can be broken down into four classifications that are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
In this world, there are very tiny creatures that millions of them can fit into the eye of a needle. It is known as microbes, which cannot be seen with naked eyes. They are believed to be the oldest form of life on earth as microbe fossils age more than 3.5 billion years back when the boiled ocean covered the earth and it was before the dinosaurs roaming the planet. [5] We couldn’t breathe or eat without microbes but they would probably be just fine without us. Microbes can be found everywhere. There are more of them in a person’s mouth than the number of people in the entire planet. There are abundant of them in the air we breathe, in the food we eat, on the ground we walk on, and they are even growing inside us! Food could not be digested,
Microbial decomposition releases nutrients into the environment that are needed by other organisms. Microbes are also involved in the cycling of many other important compounds in — and between — ecosystems, including oxygen, carbon and nitrogen. Many microbes use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide to oxygen, which we need to breathe. As they do this, they create new organic material — themselves — which are then eaten by other organisms. In this way, the cycling of nutrients and energy
The main biotic factors are the plants, fish, and microorganisms. The plants are the main component of an aquaponic system, and they play a significant role in forming a symbiotic ecosystem, the plants also provide water full of nutrients for the fish. Additionally, the fish play a role in forming the ecosystem, but they also assist in the growth of the of the plants by allowing for clean water to be produced from their waste. The bacteria allow for the nitrification cycle to take place, in turn, cleaning the water in the
Microbes are single-cell organisms that cannot be seen by the naked eyes and are found everywhere in the ecosystem. Microbes are important to human being as they aid in digesting the food, act as a decomposer and without them, there would be a lot less of oxygen to breathe. Around 3.5 billion years ago, microbes have already been living on this earth where there is just ocean. Studies of microbes help us understand the past and the future of human and the planet. Microbes can be divided into six main types; Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi, Protista, Viruses, and Microbial Mergers.
Although many people do not know about microbiology, the scientific developments within this area are used in everyday life. Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. The study of microorganisms has allowed scientists to discover the pharmaceutical drugs and treatments; such as vaccines and antibiotics, which can be used to treat against the harmful species of microorganisms. The clinical use of these treatments have greatly reduced the mortality due to infectious disease, and have also contributed to the eradication or significant reduction and control of formerly devastating infections such as smallpox, polio and hepatitis, now rare in developed countries.
Microbes are major key components in both are homes and industrial food preparation. There are number of lactic acid which is a form of bacteria which is a large group of beneficial bacteria used in certain foods while they are getting prepared such as yogurt, cheese, sour cream, butter milk and other type of fermented milk products. Things such as vinegars are produced by bacterial acetic acid fermentation. Yeast is also major use in the making of beer and wine and also for the leaving of breads. This also involves fermentations to convert corn and other vegetable carbohydrates to also make beer, wine or gasohol but also bacteria is the agents of are other foods. Other fermented foods will include things such as soy sauce, olives and cocoa. (Microbes and human life, 2013) Single cell proteins are known as dried cells of microbes which are used in protein supplement shacks. They are also called “novel food” and “minifood”. The production of this requires micro-organisms which then serve as the protein source and then the substrate which is biomass which they grow on them. There are a number of both these sources that we are able to use for the production of single cell protein (SCP). The micro-organisms used belong to the following groups of Algae, Fungi and bacteria. (Slide Share, 2012)
Studies have shown that there are bacteria and fungi with certain strains that live in soil. When they are applied to the seeds, they can aid crops by invigorating plant growth or by decreasing the damage created from plant pathogens bred from the soil. Another example is the bacterial species, Mycorrhiza. It is a fungus, which is able to form a union with a majority of land plants. When this action occurs, that symbiotic relationship assists to increase uptake by the root system to about 90 percent. This in turn helps the plant take in water and nutrients from deep inside the soil. It also allows the activation of genes and physiological changes in the plant which helps them to survive drought circumstances. Other microbes are also able to lift a plant 's resistance to bugs. A larger focus on microorganisms colonizing our plants and sharing a symbiotic relationship with them would greatly improve yields and lessen the need for costly fertilizers and pesticides. Information such as this would be very useful for students in college who are interested in businesses such as
The branch of science that deals with how living things, including humans, are related to their surroundings is called ecology . The Earth supports some 5 million species of plants, animals, and microorganisms. These interact and influence their surroundings, forming a vast network of interrelated environmental systems called ecosystems. The arctic tundra is an ecosystem and so is a Brazilian rain forest. The islands of Hawaii are a relatively isolated ecosystem. If left undisturbed, natural environmental systems tend to achieve balance or stability among the various species of plants and animals. Complex ecosystems are able to compensate for changes caused by weather or intrusions from migrating animals and are therefore usually said to be more stable than simple ecosystems. A field of corn has only one dominant species, the corn plant, and is a very simple ecosystem. It is easily destroyed by drought, insects, disease, or overuse. A forest may remain relatively unchanged by weather that would destroy a nearby field of corn, because the forest is characterized by greater diversity of plants and animals. Its complexity gives it stability.