INTRODUCTION
ONGC Group of Companies comprises of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC - The Parent Company); ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL – a wholly owned subsidiary of ONGC); ONGC Nile Ganga BV (ONG BV - a wholly owned subsidiary of OVL) and Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL - a subsidiary of ONGC).
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) is India's Most Valuable Company, having a market share of above 80% in India's Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Production. ONGC registered the highest profit among all Indian companies at US $ 1.92 billion (Rs. 8664.4 Crore) in the year 2003-04. Its production of Crude Oil in 2003-04 was 26.7 MMT and of Natural Gas 25.70 Billion Cubic Meters. ONGC also produce Value-Added Products (VAP) like C2-C3; LPG; Naphtha and SKO.
ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL) is overseas arm of ONGC, engaged in Exploration & Production Activities. It trans-nationally operates E&P Business in 10 countries, making ONGC the biggest Indian Multinational Corporation. In recent years, it has laid footholds in hydrocarbon acreage in various countries including Ivory Cost and Australia. ONGC Nile Ganga BV is a wholly owned subsidiary of OVL and has equity in producing field in Sudan.
Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL), where ONGC now owns 71.6% equity, were taken over by ONGC in March 2003. Under ONGC's management control, MRPL has seen a major turnaround and its market valuation has increased 1100%. MRPL has one of the modern refineries in India at Mangalore having annual capacity of 9.69 MMTPA. It is the most energy-efficient refinery in India and has a two-digit energy index of 85%.
ONGC envisages organizing Import/International Sale of Crude Oil and Export of Petroleum Products through Tendering Procedure for all the Group Companies. However, it would be restricted to the Companies/ Firms/ Vendors registered with ONGC on its approved Vendor Lists.
HISTORY
1947 – 1960
During the pre-independence period, the Assam Oil Company in the northeastern and Attock Oil company in northwestern part of the undivided India were the only oil companies producing oil in the country, with minimal exploration input. The major part of Indian sedimentary basins was deemed to be unfit for development of oil and gas resources.
After independence, the national Government realized the importance oil and gas for rapid industrial development and its strategic role in defense. Consequently, while framing the Industrial Policy Statement of 1948, the development of petroleum industry in the country was considered to be of utmost necessity.
After the Second World War, the world was more interesting in oil than ever before. The conflict itself made the countries of the world realize that oil was a serious factor in the quest for power. From this point in history, oil was considered the driving force behind a successful economy and therefore attaining power. Therefore the quest for oil heightened during and after World War II. In the effort to acquire more oil, many countries began to seek out additional locations to drill and this drove the United States to the Middle East. In late 1943 a man named DeGolyer who was a geologist went on a mission to Saudi Arabia to survey the possibility for oil. His mission there concluded that “the oil in this region is the greatest single prize in all history”. With such a conclusion it is not surprising that the United States began extremely concerned with the oil concessions there.
Chevron Corp. (CVX) stands out as the being among the largest integrated global corporations, covering 180 countries. Its vertically integrated supply chain includes upstream as well as downstream operations consisting of exploring and producing crude oil and natural gas, refining and then marketing and transporting petroleum as well as petro chemical products respectively. It is also involved in power generation projects and mining projects of several mineral s including coal.
Oil has always been a coveted natural resource. Oil was discovered in the United States in 1859; since it was a young industry, it was without any structure. That is where John Davison Rockefeller stepped in. John Rockefeller was at one point one of the richest men in the world, monopolizing the oil industry which played a major role in shaping the economy.
In the late nineteenth century, the oil industry was open to everyone. Sensing the commercial potential of the expanding oil production in western Pennsylvania in the early 1860’s, he built his first oil refinery near Cleveland in 1863.(3) He created new oil related companies such as engineering and pipeline firms that seemed to be independent operators. Rockefeller and his close colleagues, Andrews and Flagler, secretly co...
One of the ExxonMobil 's advantages is that it works in the entire operation of oil development from production, resource exploration, refining, and manufacturing of byproduct. The company has a vertical integration in the oil and natural gas industry including upstream and chemical operations division. Accordingly, this helps the company to diversify investments so as to get high revenue from various sections of the industry.
Aside from causing a major shift in geopolitical power, WWII also solidified the integral role oil played politically in national security. However, following the war the United States was no longer the world’s largest oil producer and was unable to maintain self-sufficiency as it had in the past. As a national security imperative oil was more important at this point than ever before. America’s war machine needed to be well oiled in case the new Cold War suddenly turned hot.
oil in Nigeria. Nigeria’s large supply of high quality crude oil helped Shell climb to the top,
Chevron Corp. (NYSE:CVX) is the second largest energy corporation in the U.S, just falling behind Exxon Mobil and considered as one of the six Super or Big Oil companies in the world. It operates in over 180 countries, having established and using a strong network of retail gas stations which include big brands such as Chevron Corp. itself, Texaco and Caltex. Chevron business integration is a vertical one, with its operations diversifying from producing oil to mining as well manufacturing petrochemical products.
Oil is an essential resource in the whole world. People use oil in a variety of ways. The world has used oil for many years and it will still use it as a basic commodity. Oil use can be traced back to 1850s. However, when Edwin Drake produced commercially usable quantities of crude oil from a 69-foot well in Pennsylvania in 1859, he marked a new period that considered oil as a valuable commodity. Oil prices have been inconsistent since 1859. The discoveries of more wells considerably lowered oil prices and made some oil barons abandon the industry. However, oil prices have increased over time because of several factors.
With the government eventually breaking up the trust into thirty-eight companies, the world of petroleum products was about to change. Few companies could survive. They lacked focus and sustainability, basically they needed a strategic plan. When first broken up the companies needed to sever from their Standard ties while remaining a brand name that people recognized. With so much competition one company had to find an edge over the other. They needed to be the low-cost leader in the industry. Out of this struggle is where three of the biggest oil companies emerged. They are Exxon, Mobil and Chevron.
Furthermore met more than 60% of worldwide vitality request by the oil and gas industry. Advancement undertakings and foundation as far and wide as possible, depend on the business. The oil and gas industry is a basic industry globally. The business might be isolated into five parts:
The industry is divided into three distinct sectors including the upstream, midstream and downstream sectors. The upstream sector includes the exploration and production of crude oil as well as the exploration and production of natural gas. This sector has experienced the largest amount of deals in terms of mergers and acquisitions, which will be further discuss in section III. The midstream sector involves the transportation of extracted petroleum from the upstream sector through pipelines, rail, barge, truck as well as storage. Finally, the downstream sector connects the end consumers through derived products such as gasoline, liquefied natural gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), kerosene (aircrafts), and diesel…
However, there has been a spike in the private companies in this industry. Companies like Reliance Energy, Adani Power and Tata Power are now supplying and vying for the market share.
The Oil Industry has existed since the early 1800’s. As The History Channel’s website states, it has been “an illuminant for medicine, and as grease for wagons and tools.” The first break for the oil industry was with the discovery of kerosene. John Austin, a New York merchant, had observed cheap and efficient oil lamp in his travels. Upon returning home he then manufactured them to be used on kerosene. Shortly after the United States oil business boomed as whale...
Ranked among the FORTUNE Global 500® largest corporations in the world, Petroliam Nasional Berhad, most commonly known as PETRONAS, is a Malaysian state-owned oil and gas company which ventures into a wide range of petroleum activities. Established in the year 1974, PETRONAS was incorporated alongside the enforcement of the Petroleum Development Act 1974 (Malaysian Explorer, 2012). Today, being owned entirely by the Malaysian government under the Ministry of Finance, PETRONAS is entrusted with the responsibility to manage the entire nation’s hydrocarbon resources (Rig Zone, 2013) and to ensure the sustainability and orderliness of the country’s oil and gas industry is prolonged.