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poverty problems in developing countries
poverty problems in developing countries
poverty problems in developing countries
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The term “under-development” is primarily used to describe the condition of poverty and economic stagnation characteristic of most third world societies. It implies that these societies are not simply suffering from lack of development, but that they have also not achieved the expected levels of socio-economic development which could have occurred. This is the result from the complex interplay of internal and external factors that allow less developed countries only a loop-sided development progression. Underdeveloped nations are characterized by wide income disparities between their populations, detrimental capital and current accounts and suffer from an inability to break-free of crippling debt traps. For German-American economist and sociologist Andre Gunder Frank underdevelopment is the product of misuse of natural and human resources which has forcibly divorced certain regions of the world from economic expansion as well as prohibited structural and social change within those societies. He was of the view that the cause of such underdevelopment is because of the prevalent dependency model around the world. He believed the third world countries are underdeveloped not because of natural …show more content…
At the forefront of this type of exploitation are the multinational corporations (MNCs). In their search for profit, these companies allegedly exploit the least developed countries (LDCs) for cheap labour, cheap raw materials and new markets. The search for new markets encouraged Western companies to expand in size and market their products globally. These multinational companies imported raw materials from the LDCs and exported manufactured goods back to them. Since the expansion of free market neo-liberalization increasing numbers of companies have started to produce manufactured goods in the LDCs, taking advantage of cheap labour, relaxed health and safety laws and low
Following the globalization, many companies in developed countries move factories to developing nations. As a multinational company, there is at least one facility in one country other than its home country. Those companies have offices and factories in different countries and usually have a centralized head office in their home country. Advocates of multinationals say they create jobs and wealth. And multinationals can improve technology in developing countries, which are in need of this. On the other hand, critics say multinational companies often barely pay employees enough to live on in developing countries, and it is unethical to pay cheap wages.
When beginning the readings in the module about poverty, I was struck by a sense of shame. Jenson & Fraser (2011) have some pretty hard-hitting statistics and the graphs did a really good job illustrating the prevalence and trends in poverty; I really appreciated graph 2.1, which displays the racial and ethnic disparities that exist for children experiencing poverty, because it demonstrates how the national rate of childhood poverty can be deceptive (26-30).
According to this concept despite the end of colonialism, the underlying economic relations of the modern world system had not changed. The economic system of developed countries is still structured to extract resources from less developed countries .Theorists believe that poor countries are not poor because of some fundamental structural flaw ( such as inadequate natural resources) , but because participation in the global economy which left them under
Of course, there are differences between being poor in the developing country and being poor in the developed country, but there are some key factors about poverty that are common despite the location and the quality of the country’s development. Therefore, I will start by discussing general effects of poverty on child development.
Unlike the North – a term in vogue today, among others, for highlighting the difference between the rich, industrialised nations of mostly Western Europe, North America, Australasia, and the rudimentary economies of Latin America, Asia and Africa – underdevelopment, characterised by low income levels, poverty, low living standards and other socio-economic ills seem to be a defining feature of countries in these regions, collectively described as the Global South. Thomas (2003), Hershberg and Moreno-Brid(2003), and, Solimano(2005) suggest, for instance, that the socio - economic structure of most Latin American countries remains defined by vast inequalities in income and wealth distribution, poverty, volatile growth, high mortality rate and a high level of economic vulnerability. In Asia, a number of countries including the large economies of India and China have made improvements in the 21st century in terms of reducing poverty. Yet, 22% of the developing countries in Asia live on a dollar a day . The situation is bleaker in the South and Southeast Asia region where 38% leave on less than a dollar a day and over 48% of the population living below the regions individual country poverty line . Likewise, absolute poverty is on the rise in Africa - generally recognised as the world’s richest continent in terms of natural resources - despite a recorded decline in global poverty rates (Bhattacharyya: 2005).
Poverty in Developing and Less Developed Countries The world includes less developed countries and developing countries. Less developed countries are countries considered to be poor and often contain many people who are in absolute poverty. Developing countries are countries like India, which are gaining in wealth. There are two types of poverty within the world.
Poverty has been a growing problem in America, and it most likely will never stop being one. Someone who is identified as being in poverty lives beneath the poverty line determined by the Federal government. The poverty line in 2015 for a family of four was $24,250. These are the people who are really considered poor. Poverty isn’t just a problem in the United States; in fact, other countries struggle just as much, if not more, than the United States does. Many people struggle to keep themselves above the government’s poverty line, shown by the fact that the percent of poor people in America hasn’t drastically changed over the years. However, it is possible to get out of, and ultimately stay out of, poverty.
Blackburn, L. McKinley “International Comparison of Poverty.” The American Economic Review. Academic search complete. Web. 10, September 2015. The author gives us an idea of the different poverty levels that exist around the world. By doing this, the author helps you comprehend poverty, how it works, and the level of poverties in many societies. The author states, “In this paper, I use the household level data on annual income to make comparisons of the level of poverty in 11 industrialized nations in the mid 1980’s” (371). The author supports their information by using equations, charts, graphs, and uses six recourses.
Many people do not realize that there are tens of millions of people in America who are living in poverty because they are stuck on the fact that America is one of the richest nations. People who are living in poverty barely have enough money to survive on basic necessities like food, shelter and electricity. They often have a hectic schedule filled with work, school, or other activities that they have to do in order for them to live a somewhat stable life. Unfortunately, there are others who are living in poverty that may be ill or disabled and barely able to survive even if they are receiving money to help with their situation. There are a few programs that help those in poverty with their financial problems, but they only help them to a certain extent. Changes need to be done to help alleviate the poverty rate because these people should not have to deal with all of these hardships or have such a negative perspective of life. Therefore, America can reduce its poverty by raising the minimum wage, making health care more accessible, and by making child care more affordable. These solutions will be a great start to reducing poverty and they will lead America into a brighter future.
Poverty is “the inability to acquire enough money to meet basic needs including food, clothing and shelter” (Gosselin,2009). This social disadvantage limits one’s ability to receive a quality education and it is a constant problem throughout the world accompanied with“deleterious impacts on almost all aspects of family life and outcomes for children”(Ravallion,1992). Poverty is a main factor that affects normal human growth and development in a variety of ways, primarily impacting children’s early development, social behaviour, health, and self worth.
We can see that Third World and southern countries like Africa and Indonesia are still facing the problem of poverty. In order to work their way out, the governments should apply some appropriate policies and economic applications to overcome the problem. On the other hand, the richer states or more developed countries should provide the necessary financial aid to those poorer countries. They should work hand-to-hand in order to strengthen the global benefit and interest.
This paper will discuss poverty, the different types of poverty and their definitions and who is affected by each type of poverty. It will look at the some of the major reasons why poverty exists and what causes poverty, like such things as inequality, stratification and international debt. Some of the impacts of poverty will also be analyzed from a national and global perspective; things like education, literacy rate, and crime. This paper will demonstrate that poverty affects almost everyone in some form or another and exists because those with power and wealth want and need poverty to exist to force a dependence on the wealthy. A few of the main approaches that this is achieved is through economic systems, influencing government policies, and global stratification. Defining poverty is not a simple task and this is what this paper will tackle first.
African nations regularly fall to the bottom of any list measuring economic activity, such as per capita income or per capita GDP, despite a wealth of natural resources. The bottom 25 spots of the United Nations (UN) quality of life index are regularly filled by African nations. In 2006, 34 of the 50 nations on the UN list of least developed countries are in Africa. In many nations, the per capita income is often less than $200 U.S. per year, with the vast majority of the population living on much less. In addition, Africa's share of income has been consistently dropping over the past century by any measure. In 1820, the average European worker earned about three times what the average African did. Now, the average European earns twenty times what the average African does. Although per capita incomes in Africa have also been steadily growing, and poverty falling, measures are still far better in other parts of the world, such as Latin America, which suffers from many of the same disadvantages that Africa has.
In the past seventy-five years the United States has increased its population over by 200% to a staggering three hundred and fourteen million people according to the United States Census Bureau. This growing number represents a series of unfavorable factors which can have major effects on our country. Detrimental elements such as poverty can have spiraling effects on things such as education, and depletion of our ecosystems natural resources. Overdevelopment in the United States is an increasing issue, as we push the margins of calculated safe population stability; America faces struggles of scarcity and an overall decline in quality of life from its overdevelopment.
Many factors can lead to the underdevelopment of a country. The most common sign of underdevelopment is that of a “Dual Economy”, this takes place when a “small modern elite and middle class make up about 20-30% of a country’...