The Sustainable Development Goals are a set of global agendas set by the United Nations to be achieved by the year 2030. They are a continuation of the Millennium Development Goals, set-up through the Millennium Deceleration in 2000 to address the needs of the world poor (Cite UN). The Millennium Development goals included a set of eight simply stated goals with 21 targets and 48 indicators to measure progress (Murray, 2015). Amongst them- reducing child mortality (MDG 4), improving maternal health (MDG 5) and combating HIV-AIDS, malaria and other diseases (MDG 6)- were specifically aimed at improving health. This approach provided a clear and focused direction for many of the stakeholders, to work on achieving these goals. The SDGs are longer …show more content…
The global under-five mortality rate declined by more than half, dropping from 90 to 43 deaths per 1000 live births between 1990 and 2015 (Cite UN). Between 2000 and 2013, measles vaccination helped prevent 15.6 million deaths. However, 16,000 children under-five still continue to die everyday from preventable causes, and the agenda for MDG4 is far from finished (cite UN). Since 1990, the maternal mortality ratio has been cut nearly in half. In 2014, skilled health personnel assisted more than 71% of births, which was an increase from 59% in 1990. Nonetheless, only half of pregnant women in developing regions receive the recommended minimum of four antenatal care visits. Additionally there is a large gap in information, with only 51 percent of countries having data on maternal cause of death. There is a great deal of work that needs to be done with regards to improving maternal health. New HIV infections fell by approximately 20% between 2000 and 2013. In 2014 13.6 million people living with HIV were receiving antiviral therapy globally an increase from just 800,000 in 2003. Over 6.2 million malaria deaths have been averted between 2000 and 2015 primarily of children under- 5 years of age in Sub-Saharan Africa. TB treatment is estimated to have saved 37 million lives from 2000 to 2013. Despite these wide reaching efforts, in 2014 in Sub-Saharan Africa less than 40% of the youth …show more content…
Moreover, in SDG 6 (Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls) target 5.6 states “Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Program of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review”. In terms of sexual and reproductive health rights, these targets present a substantial foundation for advancement in the area. This is in contrast to the MDG era, where a reproductive health target was integrated seven years after their adoption (Starrs, 2015). Indicators for sexual and reproductive health are expected to include family planning, adolescent fertility and comprehensive sexuality education. Nonetheless, they are expected to lack indicators on safe abortion, non-discrimination based on sexual orientation as well as confidential and timely reproductive health services (Starrs, 2015). The political debates and controversies surrounding the area make it harder to push as a world agenda. But The Guttmacher Institute and the Lancet are establishing a Commission on sexual and reproductive health and rights that will re-define
The following case study critiques Upton’s vision to establish a sustainable community through implementing comprehensive sustainable strategy. The urban periphery development is thought to demonstrate superior execution of sustainable principles in development (Jackson 2007). As a parallel, the report focuses on the development of Upton’s design code and demonstrates how large -scale mix-use developments can incorporate sustainable practice and principles of urban growth.
State vaccine mandates for children entering schools and daycare facilities to be up to date or they are not allowed to attend for the safety of other children (billington). Since 2008, global immunization levels for essential childhood vaccines have remained constant around the 80% mark. Over 1.5 million children die annually from diseases that can be prevented by vaccines. One in five babies around the world are missing out on basic vaccines and may die from weak health systems and insufficient funding. UNICEF and its partners are working to change these numbers and ensure that all children are successfully protected with vaccines.
Internationally, issues revolving around the female body and reproduction are extremely controversial. For a woman, her body is a very private matter. At the same time, however, a woman's body and her reproduction rights are the center of attention in many public debates. Several questions regarding women's reproductive rights remain unanswered. How much control do women have over their bodies? What kind of rules can be morally imposed upon women? And who controls the bodies of women? Although the public continues to debate these topics, certain conclusions can been made concerning women and their reproductive rights. An undeniable fact is that government has a large degree of control over female reproductive organs. All around the world, time and time again, several national governments have implemented policies, enacted laws, and denied women control over their reproductive organs. Several governments have crossed the border between intimate and public matters concerning women's reproductive organs, by making laws about contraceptives, abortion, and family planning programs.
According to World Health Organization, the statics show that: - The world needs 17 million more health workers, especially in Africa and South East Asia. - African Region bore the highest burden with almost two thirds of the global maternal deaths in 2015 - In Sub-Saharn Africa, 1 child in 12 dies before his or her 5th birthday - Teenage girls, sex workers and intravenous drug users are mong those left behind by the global HIV response - TB occurs with 9.6 million new cases in 2014 - In 2014, at least 1.7 billion people needed interventions against neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) (“Global Health Observatory data”, n.d.) B. A quote of Miss Emmeline Stuart, published in the article in
In the article of “Advocates for Health MDGs Unite to Demand World Leaders Honor Funding Commitments” (July 21, 2009), PHR is calling on the convening of the UN General Assembly Governments committed themselves to immediately stop the worldwide women die in pregnancy and childbirth at an alarming rate. In the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) High-Level Meeting on September 25 in advance, International Initiative partners PHR and maternal mortality and human rights issued a call on governments to focus the fifth goal, and one has seen the least progress - maternal
The focal point of this report is the Victorian Health and Wellbeing plan 2015 – 2019, created by the Victorian State Government after the imminent success of the original Victorian Health and Wellbeing plan allying the years of 2011 – 2015. The plan shares the ambitions of the World Health Organisation’s Global action plan on prevention and control of non-communicable disease. These ambitions of the distinct plan are “to reduce modifiable risk-factors and underlying social determinants by creating equitable health-promoting environments while aiming to strengthen and orient health systems for disease prevention and control through people-centred healthcare” (Department of Health, 2015). The report will tackle the priority area of Improving Sexual Health and Reproductive Health along with major components of the priority area such as the determinants of health and the at-risk groups affected by such an alteration. The determinants discussed are both biological and social, the biological; sex, the social; the social gradient, education and social support. The at-risk groups influenced by the priority area are; adolescents, pregnant women and new born children.
Nowicka, Wanda. "Sexual and Reproductive Rights and the Human Rights Agenda: Controversial and Contested." Reproductive Health Matters, 19.38 (2011): 119.
Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than any other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five hundred million adults and children (around nine percent of the world’s population) contract the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the world’s cases occur and where eighty percent of the cases are treated at home, one in twenty children die of the disease before they reach the age of five. Pregnant women are also more vulnerable to disease and in certain parts of Africa, they are four times as likely to contract the disease and only half as likely to survive it.
Women’s reproductive rights are a global issue in today’s world. Women have to fight to have the right to regulate their own bodies and reproductive choices, although in some countries their voices are ignored. Abortion, sterilization, contraceptives, and family planning services all encompass this global issue of women’s reproductive rights.
1) Reproductive health is important for women around the world. Women with reproductive capacity require ongoing health care to protect their health and the health of their newborns. The increased and sustained investment in reproductive health will ensure that women are able to receive preventive care prior during and after their pregnancies (Singh, Darroch, & Lori, 2014). This will help decrease the number of infants deaths related to pregnancies. It will also decrease the number of deaths with pregnant women. Investing in reproductive health may decrease the burden that steams from infant and women deaths that are related to pregnancy. Reproductive health has improved globally. However, disparities still exist between developed and developing countries (Singh et al., 2014). Therefore, it is important for countries throughout the world to invest in new technologies to strengthen reproductive health in areas that lack adequate preventive reproductive health services. This will allow countries to decrease the number of still births, miscarriages, and infants and women deaths. This will return the burden of these conditions. Moreover, many
Since the 1970s, many countries in the world the problem of adolescent sexuality and first sexual experience at young age appeared. To make matters worse, the trend of adolescent pregnancy became increasingly serious. From the fact sheet of World Health Organization, there are about 16 million adolescent girls giving birth every year – most in low- and middle-income countries. Among them, an estimated three million girls aged 15-19 undergo unsafe abortions every year. In low- and middle-income countries, over 30% of girls marry before they are 18 years of age; around 14% before the age of 15 and complications from pregnancy and childbirth are a leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.
In order to gain a closer understanding of the progress of the Milennium Development Goals, a consideration of the success of individual goals is required. “Countries are demonstrating that rapid and large-scale progress is possible when Government leadership, policies and strategies for scaling up public investments are combined with financial and technical support from the international community” (Migiro, 2007). According to the MDG Report for 2013, some of the Millennium Development Goals have already been achieved (1. UN, 2013). Target 1.A of goal 1, which is to reduce extreme poverty rates by half before 2015, has already been met five years before the deadline. The proportion of people living on less than US$1 a day has been halved. Similarly, target 1.C of goal 1, to halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger, is within reach (2. UN, 2013).
In the year 2000 the United Nations set out a goal to stop hunger poverty and unfair living to people of the world not just the United States. This idea was called the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Upon taking on a task such as this the UN wanted to break down goals in sections of eight to better categorize them to use every resource they had to make this plan possible. Not every catgeroy had the same plan put in place and for that exact reason these goals where not something to be done over night, hence how the name of the idea started with millennium. The UN has also been known for their work to gather its members and countries as one to work to accomplish its goals of maintaining peace and security, they wanted to protect human rights by providing humanitarian assistance, and assisting economic and social development throught the world. This gives us a better idea of what MDG project is for and how it was created.
Some of the goals are doing well, such as primary schooling. However the “reducing hunger by half” goal is not. The chart shows that two regions of the world, Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, have high hunger with only fair progress. The rest of the regions they included have moderate hunger with very little progress. This proves that the methods used to accomplish the MDGs were ineffective and insufficient (in text citation- progress chart). The fact that the Sustainable Development Goal pertaining to hunger includes food security, nutrition, and agriculture is an achievement in itself because “it acknowledges the crucial role played by food-based approaches to nutrition” (in text citation- Goal 2). Improvements in agriculture can ultimately lead to ending hunger because people will have access to more nutritious foods and farmers will be able to produce more food. The UN said the purpose of the Millennium Development Goals was “to shape a broad vision to fight poverty and combat numerous issues hampering development progress” (in text citation- chart). This claim is contradicting because the only goal regarding hunger was to reduce it by half. Perhaps one of the reasons this goal wasn’t fully accomplished was because the UN didn’t incorporate other components such as nutrition and agriculture into the Millennium
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) create a common set of development goals for all communities worldwide. The aim is to get governments, aid organisations, foundations, and non-governmental organisations on the same page about which global problems require immediate attention and the solutions to resolve these issues. These goals were born at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro in 2012. The objective was to produce a set of universal goals that meet the urgent environmental, political and economic challenges facing our world. The SDGs work in collaboration with each other to make the appropriate choices for present generations to improve life for future generations in a sustainable way. These seventeen