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Assignment on world health organization
Assignment on world health organization
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Based on WHO:s health agenda, the main targets are developing promoting, health security, strengthening health systems, generating research, information and evidence, enhancing partnerships and improving WHO:s performance (WHO 2013) . In our country we have our own health policy, Health 2015 (STM 2001) , which is a long-term health policy programme, based on the WHO:s new Global Health on the 21-program and principle of health in all policies. It is purposed to improve health and functional capacity to lead longer active lives, and to reduce inequity in health. It is a cooperation programme that seeks to support and promote the health of all sectors of society. (STM 2001.) The objectives of Finnish health policy are to reduce premature deaths, to extend people’s active and healthy life, to ensure the best possible quality of life for all and to reduce differences in health (Vuorenkoski 2008). In Finland the agenda focuses on diseases prevention and health promoting, which is common with WHOs objectives in equity, preventing and treating chronic diseases. Health security threats are connected on environmental mismanagement, food production and tradeing and using antibiotics. Strengthening health systems includes enough trained staff, evidence based action, sufficient financing, proper leadership and management, appropriate technology and evaluation and monitoring health situation. In Finland, we also enhanche partnerships for example with civil society and private sector. (STM 2001.) In European religion there are programs to guide action in health promotion. A European policy framework and strategy for the 21st century, Health 2020 is based on the values enshrined in the WHO Constitution. The program acknowledges the int... ... middle of paper ... ...biostatistics. Requirements for skills are on communication, results producing, team working, partnership building and promoting and environment empowering and motivating and many functional and knowledge skills. Experience is required for at least 7 years with management in national and international level. (WHO 2013.) So my education level isn`t enough high for WHOs vacancies, because of demant for university degree, specialization, management and leadership skills and international or national experience. My education ja experience is as a public health nurse and occupational health nurse in Finland. I am interested in public health, but also my language skills are only in English and German. So, maybe at the start, a work at a grass-roots could be suitable for me. And the vacancies are mostly abroad, so it would be difficult for me to leave my home country.
Commission of the European Communities. (2007). Together for health: A strategic approach for the EU 2008-2013 [White paper]. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/health-eu/doc/whitepaper_en.pdf
Health according to the Constitution adopted by the International Health Conference held in New York in 1946 which led to the foundation of the World Health Organization (WHO) was defined as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (World Health Organization 2006, pp. 1-18) and it was observed a fundamental right of every human being to enjoy the highest attainable standard of health irrespective of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition (WHO, 2006). However Yurkovich and Lattergrass (2008) urged the impossibility of the existence of a universal definition of health as cultural context within which an individual is raised inevitably affects the person’s perceptions of health and wellness and as Spector (2003) advocated without careful observation of community and culture healthcare providers and the recipients would be like two separate groups trying to communicate in different languages. In these contexts, social messages, language, customs, and rituals serve as a form of social communication, which constitute an integral part of culture and as a result, affect treatment outcomes (Green, 2010; Naidoo and Wills eds., 2008). Conrad (1999) and Lawton (2003) (cited in Swami et al. 2009) pointed lay people perceived health and illness as something integrated into daily life, fuelling a shift from utterly bio-medical frameworks towards more holistic understandings of health and ill-health, but illness and healing according to Green (2010) and Cartwright (2010) are elaborated and socially constructed concepts and individuals acquire characteristics like capacity to represent the external world, think and communicate, explain their place in the...
Siddiqi, Javed. World Health and World Politics; the World Health Organization and the UN System. 194-195. University of South Carolina Press. 1995
Inside any type of community there are many indicators of health, but now I am going to focus only in five of them. The proper good health of communities it is a very strong matter for governments and society in general. This indicators are important because gives us objectives, data, and resources to guide us in what are the mains community problems when we talk about health. The five indicators that I am going to discuss are: access to health services, physical activities, nutrition and weight status, sexual transmitted diseases, and immunization and infectious diseases. The government program that control and give us all this information is Healthy People 2020.
In conclusion, we can agree from the above information that quality of life is significant in each of the goals discussed. However, the Healthy People 2020 goals and objectives must serve as a guide to boost national health promotion and disease prevention that will not only reduce disparities but also eliminate disparities. Both the federal and state governments, public and private health sectors will no doubt partner and focus in these objectives. It is, therefore, very imperative that necessary tools and strategic managements is used to focus on health equity to improve the health of all groups, create social and physical environment that promote good health, promote quality of life, healthy development and healthy behavior across life stages that will benefit all by the year 2020.
Healthy People 2020 have over 1000 objectives; each objective has a reliable data foundation, a standard measure, and target for particular developments to be realized. While some healthy people 2020 objectives focus on larger issues such as, reducing health inequalities, adopting social elements of health, increasing access to high-quality healthcare, reinforcing public health services, and increasing the accessibility of health-related knowledge. Still, other Healthy People 2020 objectives focus on interventions to diminish diseases, eradicate disability, and prevent early death amongst individuals and societies (Healthy People 2020, 2014).
Marmot in his famous article titled Social Determinants of Health Inequalities firmly stated that actions targeted to improve healthcare access should not be focused only on healthcare system but rather on the social determinants of health. Marmot reiterated that health inequalities, disparities and social determinants of health are totally preventable through more inclusive wider social policies. He insists that inequalities of health between and within geographical areas can be reduced through positive actions.3 And such actions should be focused towards improving the social determinants of health in all areas to give everyone equal access to healthcare services.2-3 Explaining that lack of healthcare access are driven by SDOH, Marmot further argues that health cannot be improved by itself alone, but by enhancing those factors that determine health.
Also the essay will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each approach as this can be an indicator if this approach is applied, whether it can address inequality and improve the health and well being of that individual or society. The essay will use the Dahlgren and Whitehead social determinants of health of need to exemplify the determinants of health showing how these determinants can influence the way health is viewed as holistic or merely an absence of disease. Lastly, the essay will analyse the evaluation with these approaches plus the importance of evaluation to present programs and future programs or activity.
National health systems are assessed by the extent to which expenditure and actions in public health and medical care contributes to the crucial social goals of improving health, increasing access to quality healthcare, reducing health disparities, protecting citizens from penury due to medical e...
World Health Organization. (1986, November 21). The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Retrieved on February 23, 2013, from http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/index1.html.
Healthy People 2020 is a program for the promotion of health and the prevention of diseases, launched by the Department of Health and Human Services in December 2010. According to healthypeople.gov, this program has four overarching goals which are first to achieve healthy, longer lives free of preventable diseases, injuries, and premature deaths; to achieve health fairness, eliminate differences, and improve all groups’ health; also to produce social and physical environments that encourage good health; and last but not least to promote life’s quality, healthy development, and healthy behaviors through all life stages. This program has a vision of a community where people live long, healthy lives. Healthy People 2020 offers a comprehensive set of 10 years of nationwide goals and objectives that is meant to improve the health of the American population. Healthy People 2020 covers 42 topic areas with approximately 600 objectives, which include 1,200 measures. A smaller set of Healthy People 2020 objectives, has been designated to communicate high-priority health issues and actions that can be taken to address them, this objectives are called Leading Health Indicators. The program goes above and beyond these health indicators in order to provide the best care for the people of this country. These indictors cover from the access of health service, nutrition, physical activity, and obesity to substance abuse, environmental quality, injury and violence.
In the ongoing war to achieve better population health in the United States, there is a developing resource for Americans. Healthy People 2020 (HP 2020) is an extensive combined effort by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Federal Agencies, Public Stake Holders, and an Advisory Committee that utilizes the Social Determinants for Health as its framework, to aid the transformation of the United States to a society in which people live long and healthy lives. The HHS utilizes HP 2020 to seize a renewed focus in the identifying, measuring, tracking, and reducing health disparities via a determinant of health approach. HP 2020 is based on 4 previous Healthy People initiatives: 1979 Surgeon General’s Report, Healthy People: The Surgeon General’s Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Healthy People 1990: Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives for the Nation; Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives; and Healthy People 2010 (HP 2010): Objectives for Improving Health. The multiyear process that is HP 2020 reflects the input from a diverse group of organiza...
...on, race, and political belief, economic or social condition. Improving the poor health of disadvantaged individuals and reducing health gaps is important but not enough to level up health through socioeconomic groups. The objective of tackling health inequalities can be changed to local needs and priorities of a community allowing wide-ranging partnerships of support to be organised. However it needs to be made clear that what can be done to help improve the life chances and health prospects of individuals living in poverty may not come close to bringing their health prospects closer to the average of the rest of the population or prevent the gap living on throughout the generations. Being clear about what is trying to be overcome and achieved needs upmost importance in the development and delivery of policies that will promote health equality across the population.
There are many inequities in this global world; should there be such gross inequities in the health of people around the world? We hear words like health gap, health care inequality and sustainability. What can be done to eliminate the health gap, health care inequities and maintain sustainability? The World Health Organization (WHO) and other organizations, private and public are working towards eliminating these disparities. Healthy People 2020 are one such goal that has achieved considerable progress in attaining sustainability in the pursuit of global health goals (Gostin et al., 2013). The health gap can be minimized through health strategies. Among them are essentials for all in this global world; clean air, water, healthy food and adequate housing with hygienic living conditions. Primary, secondary, tertiary prevention and care services should be available to all who seek health care services.
The Department of US health concerns works towards improving the health status of citizens across the political and economic regimes of United States of America. The perspectives that are explored on global health include medicine, where path...