Statement of the Problem
All is not well in Akwa Ibom State. Ineffective leadership has been projected as genuine cause of Nigeria’s failure particularly in Akwa Ibom State to be able to carry on political, economic, and social development since became independent in 1987. World Bank study identified poverty and inadequate access to employment opportunities caused by little development of the economy and inadequate know-how, which results in labor underutilization. The study described as the lack of access to physical assets such as land and capital, and minimum entry by the poor to credit markets even on a small scale resulting in poverty conditions, (World Bank, 2000).
Although, Akwa Ibom’s richness in natural resources, and being number one in oil producing, the state is least developed among other states in Nigeria. Clark (2013b) explains that the effect of poverty in the testimony is the incapability of the state to feed the people well and to provide public health care. In view of the above-mentioned topics, Dike (2003) postulates evidence of lofty susceptibility to health problems, infant mortality, low life-expectancy, poor living accommodation and, single parent’s families. Poverty problems have result from poor governance by the executive branch of government in the state (Dike, 2003b). National Bureau of Statistics (2010) theorized joblessness as a major problem confronting the nation, particularly Akwa Ibom State. Evidences confirms that many college graduates were without gainful employment after they left college revealing the government is not doing much to create needed jobs in the state. Consequently, many of these unemployed graduates felt neglected and abandoned by their government (Dike, 2003c).
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...rnment is under scrutiny and evaluation. Akwa Ibom State is also lacking in leadership that would transform the citizen and the state toward economic development; therefore, this study is suitable. The study research is “defined as an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context; when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident; and in which multiple sources of evidence are used” (Yin, 1984, p. 23a). Therefore, this research study analyses events as mentioned by the participants employed in this study to illustrate the significance of these variables and how they compare to studies in Transformational Leadership as demonstrated by Bass (1985) and from perspectives of Yin (1984b) about the attitude of citizens about leadership that are useful in transforming leadership styles (Yin, 1984b).
According to Riggio (2009), the most popular theory of leadership is transformational. Many believe that these leaders get the job done through inspiring, modeling, and helping others develop their skills as leaders. Research provides clear evidence that groups lead by transformational leaders have higher levels of performance and satisfaction than groups led by other types of leaders (Riggio, 2009). Clear communication is vital to transformational leadership and in order to succeed further, one will need to work on their own skills, and set aside time and space for personal development (Manktelow, 2005).
Leadership is a topic of great importance not only in military or organisational settings but all most in all settings which involves people. It’s a universal activity evident in humankind (Bass,1990). It is a wide and diverse field of knowledge. Leaders are individuals who help their followers or subordinates to carry out a particular task in an efficient and an effective manner. Researches on the topic of leaders and leadership have been taking place for past many decades. One of the more recent styles of leadership which has been considered to be very effective is the transformational leadership. It’s a concept explained by James McGregor Burns in 1978 who was influenced by the work of German sociologist Max Weber. The concept was then further refined and developed by Bernard.M.Bass. The whole concept of transformational leadership talks about how leaders can transform their followers into doing a task better than what is expected from them and how it can help in the betterment of the organisation and the followers. The purpose...
Niger, home of the free flowing Niger River, is a Sub-Saharan, western African nation. Sadly, it is an extremely poor country because part of the country is desert and less than 3% open for crop use. The present economic situation is bleak at best. Yet, the vibrant tradition and history of this country lives today in its tribes and its people even through all of its adversities. From severe droughts to military coups to a dysfunctional government to the culture has stayed strong.
The world bank group. (2011). Leadership and development - definition and dimensions of leadership. Retrieved from http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTCDRC/0,,contentMDK:21296098~pagePK:64169212~piPK:64169110~theSitePK:489952,00.html
There are many things that cause poverty in Africa. The main reason is that the rich in Africa hog all the money and resources causing a country where there are rich people and poor people, there is ...
Bass, B.M., & Avolio, B.J. (1993). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Public administration quarterly, 17(1), 112-121.
Yukl, G. (1999). An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership theories. The Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), 285-305.
Oghre, Ben. “Nigeria’s Population Is A Silent Killer .” Nigerians of America. N.p., 30 Sept. 2007. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. .
Despite the numerous wealth generated on a daily basis from oil exportation over the years and the vast amount of untapped resources laying in commercial quantity, the country does not have a single or recognize means of directly addressing the welfare of its citizenry. Only the present democratic administration has promised to execute out a compulsory cash transfer of N5,000 to the poorest 25 million Nigeria (based on some conditions), pay graduating corp members some stipends for a year and design a one-meal a day for public primary school
The question to be answered in this paper is to what extent has the resource curse affected the Nigerian economy and government? Resource curse is a term that states the observation that countries that have a plethora of natural resources (e.g. oil, coal, diamonds etc.). usually have unstable political and economic structures (Sachs, 827). Nigeria is categorized as a nation that has succumbed to the resource curse as it has an abundance of, and an overdependence on, oil, and a decreasing gross domestic product (GDP) (Samuels, 321-322). Nigeria is known for its specialization and overdependence on oil and according to Ross, nations of such nature tend to have high levels of poverty, large class gaps, weak educational systems, more corruption within the government, and are less likely to become democracies (Ross, 356).
Nigeria, with its prodigous oil and natural gas reserves, has the potential to be one of the most affluent places on the planet, were it not for the rampant corruption that defines it. Instead, it is the 20th poorest country in the world1. Much like the guanxi of China, Nigeria practices prebendalism—the use of high-level positions to gain personal wealth. In other words, people exchange money for political favors, which of course creates a greedy and corrupt society. The extent of this fraudulency is such that most of Nigeria's oil wealth is sucked up by one per cent of the population, while more than 60% falls below the poverty line. In fact, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has determined that 92% of Nigeria lives on less than one dollar a day2. Meanwhile, it is estimated that in the past 50 years, three to four hundred billion dollars have been stolen by government officials.
The objective of this report is to give understanding on the culture of Nigeria, the diversity of its people and the overwhelming struggles that exist. It also discusses the movements of the people, and how kingdoms arose and grew, and the expansions in their industries, in petroleum and their rural contributions, also the demographic features of the population of Nigeria, including population density, ethnicity, economic status, religious affiliations and added aspects of the population, and how Nigeria incorporates a more complete range of climate settings, and the environmental dangers the lands face, with corrosion, and the campaigns local and national, that fight to protect land from industrial development. The country's land that varies greatly, with lowlands in the south, hills and plateaus in the central region and plains in the north, with coastal swamps and tropical forests take over the southern lands, while the north is mostly savannah and semi-desert.
Discussions of Nigeria gender equality in recent times have focused on steps taken towards putting women in their proper prospects. In the past, each gender had clearly defined roles and the issue of gender conflict never arose. The extent of gender inequality had been hidden for so long that its seriousness in the present time of Nigeria is now attracting international attention. The 2012 Gender in Nigeria Report recently shows that gender inequality not only exists in the country, but at highly worrying levels. There is a lack of gender balance in the economy, education, politics, health, access to justice and almost all areas of human development.
Corruption in the Niger delta region of Nigeria has led to abject poverty in the state. State governs in the Niger delta are making living unbearable for the indigenes of state by embezzling public funds for their own purposes. For example in the New York Amsterdam News Guthrie Gray mentioned that “Despite its new wealth, however, the money allocated to Niger delta states does not appear to be getting to most of its citizens” (Guthrie Gray). The means of lively hood in the states has been destroyed by corrupt oil companies and public officers. People in the state can no more farm and fish because their land and water has been destroyed by the oil companies in the area; however, some funds are released by oil companies and the federal government but the government of the Niger delta have refused to put the funds to good use because they are corrupt. They prefer to use the funds for their own benefits, buying houses overseas and having numerous foreign accounts. For about 35 years Oil Company in the Niger delta has refused to give to the community good infra...
According to a survey conducted by the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) (2014) on the poverty profile in Ghana between the years 2005 and 2013 the Ghana Living Standard Survey reveals, that one-third of the population of Ghana are poor and one-tenth are extremely poor. To assess this fact, GSS used conditions such as