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The role of the IMF and World Bank
Importance of international trade
The role of the IMF and World Bank
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Nowadays, almost all nations in the world are facing competition in international market. Some developing countries put non trade barriers through anti-dumping duties (AVD) and countervailing duties (CVD) on imports from developed nations. Primaria is one of the Developing nation whose members’ of the Parliament wants to introduce protectionist policies. These protectionist policies are not good for poor as well as developing countries because developing countries’ economy growth depends on trading with developed countries in a global market. As an Executive Director of the Global Development, I want to talk about The Importance of Trade in Stimulation the Economies of Developing Countries. There are many developing nations are taking benefits …show more content…
It can produce a products what has more cost effectiveness. For example, India should produce more agricultural products which use labor and India is more efficient for this advantage whereas USA has to make computer because he has strong capital and technologies too. The trade can help India to earn foreign currency and can invest in manufacturing plants and technologies. This additional investment will result in a higher rate of economy growth. Free Trade policies between two neighboring countries can lead high economy growth in the world. For example, America has free trade policies between Mexico and Canada that is called NAFTA. Mexico has advantage in low labor cost and USA has technologies and capital. So, it helps to cut down cost of products for US citizens, and Mexican can get jobs to live because of manufacturing plants. Moreover, if United States can ask to their works to reduced labor rates to get jobs because of competition. Till now, we have seen that developing countries have more labor and their per hour wage are also low which attracts foreign companies to invest in developing countries. For example, Apple’s manufacturing plant is in China, so, Apple’s products are selling at lower rate than before. China has highest population in the world. A closed economy’s economy is low. Dynamic gains advantage can help to improves domestic producer’s …show more content…
Carbaugh explained: ‘International Economy’ (pp. 240,242) that The World Bank is not actually a bank but it is an organization who gives loans to developing countries to fight against poverty, and helps in economy development for better living. It lends money to member governments, their private firms and their agencies and “the world bank provides both loans and grants to developing members that cannot obtain money from other souces at reasonable term. The funds are for specific development projects like hospitals, schools, highways, and dams.” The author also talked about International Monetary Funds (IMF) (p. 243) where the borrower countries have to follow rules and regulations like must agree to implement economic and financial policies. There is also Generalized System of Preferences works for developing nations’. Under this organization. US GSP has extended almost 3000 duty free imported products from eligible developing nations. (p.
The trend toward a more globalized market has become increasingly developed in the latter half of the 20th century. Emphasis on world trade has become a dominant figure in almost every Nation’s economy. Between 1970 and 2000 world trade has experienced an increase of almost 370 percent. Concurrently, world GDP increased by 150 percent. Trade is beneficial to Nations because it allows the creation of avenues that aid in efficient allocation of resources (Canas & Coronado). Countries can gain from trade when they specialize according to their comparative advantage. This is, when they create conditions where goods and services can be produced at a lower opportunity cost than in any other country. Along the same logic, countries can also make large profits by taking advantage of another countries comparative advantage.
Free trade comes with its share of pros and cons. It is responsible for increased economic growth, better business environments, encourages investment
Even in a world focused on the benefits free trade and aimed at achieving the goal of free trade, states are protectionist by nature. Unfortunately, the design of the international system allows for stronger nations to be more protectionist, leaving the weaker states even more vulnerable. A study that is more intensive than a critical commentary should be devoted to analyzing the impact of free trade on developing nations. I was limited to the readings and prior knowledge, and thus couldn’t provide a sufficient analysis on the fair treatment of developing nations. I was skeptical of the one reading that focused on fairness of international institutions because of the statistics that indicate these nations have not done well in recent decades. I would like to look into this more given more time and resources.
The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund are two organizations that are used interchangeably, but are function very differently from one another. Both the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund were created during the post-World War II era to help stabilize the international economy. The IMF focuses mainly on international affairs and finance of the whole world, where the World Bank directs its attention toward developing countries. The United States and The People’s Republic of China are two of major members of both the IMF and the World Bank, which contribute their efforts on expanding and solidifying the economies of the other member nations.
The IMF plays a pivotal role in the international economy system. As its initial goal about reconstructs world’s international payment system, such as contributes to surveillance of the global economy, to stabilize exchange rates, to lend money to help countries to resolve emergency situation but with certain conditions and should pay back in a short time. The IMF has done a large number of things to help the world economy, not only in the western countries, but in many developing countries as well.
All nations can get the benefits of free trade by being specialized in producing goods they have a comparative advantage and then trade them with goods produced by other nations in the world. This is evidenced by comparative advantage theory. Trade depends on many factors, country's history, institution, size and. geographical position and many more. Also, the countries put trade barriers for the exchange of their goods and services with other nations in order to protect their own company from foreign competition, or to protect consumers from undesirable products, or sometimes it may be inadvertent.
the effect that the work of the IMF and the World Bank have had on the
The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank were created as a result of the Bretton Woods Conference. Both provide assistance to countries suffering economically. While the IMF is a cooperative institution that aims to create an organized global system of payments and receipts, the World Bank is an institution that aims to help developing countries (Driscoll 1). Both play a part in the economies of struggling nations with the goal of reducing their burden and helping them to survive in the global economic system. Unfortunately, in many cases, their practices within developing nations have been seen to create more harm than good.
In order for international trade to work well, governments must allow the world market to determine how goods are sold, manufactured and traded for all to economically prosper. While all nations may have the capability to produce any goods or services needed by their population, it is not possible for all nations to have a comparative advantage for producing a good due to natural resources of the country or other available resources needed to produce a good or service. The example of trading among states comprising the United States is an example of how free trade works best without the interve...
Trade is more than the exchange of goods and services; it sows the seeds for growth, development and provides the knowledge and experience that makes development possible (Cho, 1995). Trade is considered one of the main driving forces behind economic growth and poverty reduction, especially in Africa (Fosu and Mold, 2008). Adam Smith’s 1776 theory of absolute advantage states that a trading nation can gain by specialising in the production of the commodity of its absolute advantage and exchanging part of this output with other trading partners for the commodities of its absolute disadvantage (Llorah, 2008). This process enables countries to extend beyond their borders, allowing greater specialisation in production, enhanced effectiveness in use of thin resources, the growth of national income, the capacity to accumulate independent wealth and enhances the growth of the economy (Cho, 1995). According to DFID’s report, Trade Matters, other positive derivatives include raised employment, increased household income and the chance for people to earn their way out of poverty, independent of aid (DFID, 2005). The role of trade, while strongly advocated, is still highly debated (Collins and Graham, 2004; Madeley, 2000) and many recent studies question the positive role of economic growth on open trade (Bene, 2009). The extensive arguments surrounding this controversial discussion empirically highlight the difficulty in isolating the effect of trade liberalisation on economic growth, although it is clear that it does, and will continue to have, an important role in poverty alleviation.
Many critics and even followers of the IMF do not even know what the IMF really is. It is not a development or even a central bank. It is a credit union. It pays interests on deposits it receives from member nations. The IMF lends money to members having trouble meeting financial obligations to other members, but only the condition that they undertake economics reforms to eliminate these difficulties for their own good and that of the entire membership. Some people believe that if the IMF tells a country to do something, they must do it. This statement is false. The IMF has no authority over the domestic economic policies of its members. The IMF is a cooperative institution that 182 countries voluntarily joined because they see the advantage of consulting with one another to maintain a stable system of buying and selling their currencies.
Globalisation has been one of the most significant developments of the last half century, and issues such as trade and international commerce have become increasingly important. In consequence, problems such as poverty, unfair wages and poor working conditions in third world countries have been drawn to the attention of consumers (Hayes and Moore, 2007). This is a growing global issue which cannot be ignored by anyone concerned about the problems in developing countries. Free trade and Fair Trade have both been offered as solutions to these issues.
International trading has had its delays and road blocks, which has created a number of problems for countries around the world. Countries, fighting with one another to get the better deal, create tariffs and taxes to maximize their profit. This fighting leads to bad relationships with competing countries, and the little producing countries get the short end of this stick. Regulations and organizations have been established to help everyone get the best deal, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), but not everyone wants help, especially from an organization that seems to help only the big countries and those they want to trade with. This paper will be discussing international trading with emphasis on national sovereignty, the World Trade Organization, and how the WTO impacts trading countries.
Many Americans are used to getting the products they desire, at any cost. Trade with other countries is a necessity to the US because of the needs of the American people. Some examples of consumption could be wine, diamonds and gems, and vehicles. Another driving force in the global economy is cost of labor. Imagine the amount of money some companies would have to pay American workers to do the same work as some third world countries. Offshoring has become a big factor in the global economy. Many companies have opened customer service centers in different countries due to the savings. Clothing companies moved their manufacturing plants to other countries due to the cost of labor. Major stores in the US, for example, Wal-Mart, brings in most of their product from other countries to save money and pass that savings onto the consumer. Capitalism in the US has recently helped the global economy, the benefits of the Americans in the world’s marketplace is seen the return of money to the rest of the
Trade creation occurs when low cost producers within free trade area replace high cost domestic producers. These agreements create more opportunities for countries to trade with one another by removing the trade barriers and investment. Trade creation allows member countries for a wider selection of goods and services not previously available. They can acquire goods and services at a lower cost after trade barriers due to lowered tariffs or removal of tariffs which will encourage more trade between member countries the balance of money spend from cheaper goods and services, can be used to buy more products and services. Regional economic integration significantly contributes to the relatively high growth rates in the nation. By removing trade barriers between members countries the factor of production can be move