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study of non Pauline epistles pdf
The Issues in the Non Pauline epistles
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“The Non-Pauline Epistles (Pp.405-489)” The author, Irving L. Jensen states in his book “The Survey of the New Testament,” that in the New Testament canon, the last eight epistles are known as the “Non-Pauline Epistles,” except for Hebrews. These epistles make-up ten percent of the New Testament books, which complement the Christian truths in the thirteen Pauline Epistles. However, Paul is not the author and there is no clear authorship from Hebrews to Jude. Nonetheless, the benefits that I received from this reading is very informative (Jensen 405-406). Thus, it seems that Paul might be the author of Hebrews, he writes to the people about considering Jesus as their Savior. In doing so, he gives warnings and exhortation. Meaning, giving warnings of suffering for turning away from God (Sin), as well as, exhortations to appeal positive encouragement also incentives to press forward as Christians. Therefore, Hebrews has five warning sections: a. Take heed-(2: 1-4); b. Do not miss the rest-(3:7-4:13); c. Beware sloth and apostasy-(5:11-6:20); d. Beware willful sinning-(10:26-31); e. Beware disobeying Christ-(12:25-29). Another key point I believe is the greatness of Christ and/or His superiority (exhortation). This is my favorite part of Hebrews considering we have such a high priest. The author …show more content…
In the New Testament only two books are accredited to the author Peter by name. Therefore, 1 Peter teaches on various doctrines also the Christian life and responsibilities. Still, the author seems to be attentive to the suffering of persecution for one’s faith, as well as being ambassadors of Christ. It seems that 2 Peter’s message to the people warned of the danger of false teachers that the Lord Himself spoke of. 2 Peter attentiveness was also on these dangers of false teaching facing the church (Jensen
Scholars of the Pauline writings have divided them into the following categories: (1) those unquestionably by Paul: Romans, I and II Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, I Thessalonians, and Philemon; (2) a letter that was probably written by Paul, but has had serious questions raised about its' authorship: II Thessalonians; (3) letters that were not actually written by Paul but were developed from his thought: Colossians and Ephesians; (4) letters that bear Paul's name but clearly come from another time and different set of circumstances in the church: I and II Timothy and Titus (the so-called Pastoral Letters); (5) a letter not bearing Paul's name and which evidences a wholly different thought and religious vocabulary from that of Paul: the Letter to the Hebrews (Kee, 5th Ed. 224).
The authorship of First Peter seems very obvious, but according to commentary from Edward Gordon Selwyn there is definite room for discussion. Peter is written in the prelude to chapter one, but in the final greetings in chapter five, help from Silas is mentioned. There are many different parts of the book that confirm Peter as the main author though. In chapter five, verse one, the author states that he was a "witness of Christ's sufferings," in which Peter witnessed all that Jesus endured. The author exhorts the elders in chapter five, verse two, to tend to God's flock that is under them. Peter could be saying this in reference to the instance when Jesus was speaking to him in John chapter 21 about feeding His lambs and taking care of His sheep. These are just a couple of statements that would be "quite natural" for Peter to make in his writing (Kelcy 8). The other possibility in the authorship of First Peter is that Silas, also known as Silvanus, helped write the book as an amanuensis. With Peter's lack of formal schooling, some scholars say that Silvanus must have had a part in the...
Silva, Moisés. Philippians. Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2005.
Collins, John J. A Short Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2007.
Paul the Apostle is the central figure in many New Testament writings. Many historians have attributed fourteen New Testament letters to Paul’s writing; seven of these letters are uncontested meaning historians are sure that Paul wrote them, the remaining seven are contested. Paul was not always a Christian; in fact, he persecuted Christians before Christ came and temporarily blinded him. Upon seeing Christ, Paul devoted his life to Christianity and set out to spread the teachings of Christ. Scholars often credit Paul’s leadership to the ability of the Church to become Hellenistic in one generation. Paul also answered specific worries and questions that his converters may have had in many of his writings; one of these writings is 1 Corinthians. In 1 Corinthians, Paul set out to deal with the many believers in Corinth who are divided into the followings of Paul or Apollos rather than Christianity as a whole. The converts of Paul in 1 Corinthians 12-14 were divided during times of worship because of jealousy invoked by the spiritual gifts received from the “Spirit”; the worships and the church became a place to boast who is closest to God, instead of a place of worship, interpretation, and love. In 1 Corinthians 14:26-33, Paul set guidelines in times of worship to heal the divide among his converts present in 1 Corinthians 12-14.
...be protected from sin and evil. Paul goes on to say pray for the Lord’s people and to also pray for him as well. Chapter 6 ends with a conclusion where Paul gives Tychicus the authority to bear this epistle and he considered him and faithful servant of the Lord. The end if concluded with grace and love from the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
In the days of Christ’s life on this earth, believers did not have access to the Bible in its entirety as we know and are familiar with today. Believers in this ancient time period only had access to the Old Testament. However, through their access to the Old Testament, believers were provided a foundation for New Testament times. This foundation provided New Testament believers with the Lord’s established principles of right and wrong they were expected to follow. In addition, the Old Testament is overflowing with accounts of people whose lives exemplified the future life of Christ on this earth. These pictures allowed the Israelite nation to begin to have an understanding of why Christ needed to come as their Messiah and the work He needed to do on earth. Finally, there are common themes that are interwoven throughout the entire Old Testament. Three of these themes: transgression, redemption, and consummation point to the purpose of Christ’s atoning death on the cross. These themes portray God’s work both in the lives of Old Testament believers, but they also foreshadow God’s desire and plan for believers in New Testament times and beyond.
Jesus and Paul are two crucial characters in the New Testament. They both depict the Gospel on which Christianity is based upon, but there is debate about rather these two versions of the Gospel are complementary. Scholars like George Shaw claim that Paul is “anti-Christian,” and he “produced a fantastic theology” (Shaw 415-416). On the other hand, I believe that even though Jesus and Paul may present the Gospel different at times, they are still advocating the same religion. Through the understanding of the Gospels and Paul’s letters it is clear that Jesus and Paul have the same underlining goals and values.
Robinson, B. A. (2008, March 30). Books of the Hebrew Scripture . Retrieved May 7, 2011, from Religious Tolerance: http://www.religioustolerance.org/chr_otb3.htm
The author of the letter of Jude was Jude the brother of James. James was the brother of Jesus, thus making Jude Jesus’ brother also (Judas, Matthew 13:55). Some people think that Jude was also one of the twelve apostles, and that sometimes he went by the name Thaddaeus or Lebbaeus (Matthew 10:3 and Mark 3:18), but in other references to the twelve apostles (Luke 6:16 and Acts 1:13) Jude is referred to as, “Judas the son of James.” Both Peter and Jude would have had a close relationship with Jesus, and since they could both possibly be one of the twelve apostles, one could assume that they were receiving very similar or even the same teaching, this would help in contrib...
The book of Hebrews is a unique portion of the Bible because it is written as though it were a letter, directed at people the writer may have known. However, the book targets a seemingly broad audience of those without faith and also those that could be described as believers that have experienced persecution. A salient message within Hebrews is that people must persevere when they feel persecuted because Jesus Christ is their salvation, regardless of anything else that is happening in the people’s lives. An emphasis on the greatness of Jesus and his role as a mediator between God and those on Earth is dominant throughout the chapters and verses.
By comparing 1 Peter 1:1-10 from the Tyndale Bible and The Message bring forth two prominent inconsistencies worth observation. Firstly, the dating of these works supposes their theological focus differ greatly. The Tyndale Bible, published in 1522, has a greater Catholic inclination and uses more traditional or formal language. The Message published after the Protestant Reformation and in the light of scholastic Biblical studies (which is more rational) has a much less traditional inclining – thus, a dynamic equivalency.
Epistle to the Romans is the longest Paul's letters, most influential, and theological. Probably for reasons that this letter was placed in front of the thirteenth letter of the other. Paul wrote this letter in order to phrophet services to non-Jewish world. Contrary to the tradition ...
The book of Jude is an epistle or letter to Jewish Christians in the early church written in order to warn them about false teachers that will come before them. Its literary genre is referred to as an epistle or letter as I have described. Biblical scholars believe that it was written by Jude, who was a half-brother of Jesus. The book of Jude was most likely written sometime between 60 AD and 140 AD. (Wallace, 2004) This book of the bible is rather short in length but it is able to get across two key themes such as apostasy, and false teachers. (Jude 1:3-16, Jude 1: 17-25) By analyzing the key themes in the Book of Jude is not difficult to figure out what the purpose was behind Jude’s writing. There were two purposes of this book, the first one was to encourage the members of this early church to stay grounded in their faith following the deaths of Paul and Peter. (Jude 1: 24-25) The second purpose was to warn them that false teachers had infiltrated the church just as Peter and Paul said they would. (Jude 1:3, Jude 1: 17) (Wallace, 2004)
In the General Epistles, we are shown how to follow Jesus in hard times and when it is essential to walk with Him. The General Epistles show us the difficulties of life when dealing with captivity, mistreatment by those of a higher social standing, and racism. Today we have many similar difficulties but they are in the form of working for human glorification, benefitting others who are not in need for our work, and maximizing profits for a company. These scenarios are not for Gods purpose but only for human purposes. The General Epistles also show us how to deal with these difficulties and overcome them in a way that we can be helpful working toward Gods purpose. Trusting that God will provide for us and that we must work to only benefit others