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The effects of globalization and modernity have lead to increasing number families travelling across a number of boarders for work that is resulting in their nomadic children to grow up globally. This research examines “What is unique about Third Culture Kids (TCKs) and what are the greatest benefits and challenges they face in their global lifestyle?” This report will detail who TCKs are, why are they becoming more common, the five-stage model of transition, the benefits and challenge and finally it will conclude with strategies that schools can implement for an effective transition process. The parameters of this report are only looking at the effects of TCKs travelling to a different country and not exploring the outcomes when they return to their country of origin.
Origin of Third Culture Kids (TCKs)
It has become common for more families to live a life of high mobility, resulting in many children no longer facing the realities of monocultural upbringings . They have not been raised in their parents’ culture but in a cross-culture individualistic to each persons’ . Over 40 years ago, the sociologist/anthropologist John and Ruth Hill Useem originally developed the concept of Third Culture Kids (TCK) when studying American expatriates in India . To them it was evident that those expatriates formed a lifestyle neither similar to their home cultures or their host culture but that it was a combination of both. Based on Pollock & Van Reken’s definition a TCK is a “is a person who has spent a significant part of his or her development years outside the parents’ culture.” Therefore, the native culture where the person is originally from is the ‘first culture’, the host culture they have transitioned into is known as the ‘second c...
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Engelbrecht, L. 2013. Third culture kids: the relationship between TCK identity and TCK educational needs. Available at: http://skemman.is/stream/get/1946/14058/33354/1/ThirdCultureKids-BA.pdf [Accessed: 14th Feb 2014
Freeman, L. (2014). Interview on Third Culture Kids.
Gillies, W. D. 1998. Children Third on the Move Culture Kids. Childhood Education, 75 (1), pp. 36--38.
Higher Education's 'Hidden Immigrants'. 2005. National On-Campus Report, 33 (7), pp. 5-6.
Limberg, D. and Lambie, G., 2011. Third Culture Kids: Implications for Professional School Counseling. Professional School Counseling, 15(1), pp.45--54.
Nadeau, B. 2003. Always home. Newsweek International.
Pollock, D. C. and Van Reken, R. E. 2009. Third culture kids. Boston: Nicholas Brealey Pub.
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Van Reken, R. (2014). Interview on Third Culture Kids.
3. Delpit, Lisa D. Other People's Children: Cultural Conflict in the Classroom. New York: New, 1995. Print.
According to Montgomery (2014) ‘Children in different parts of the world lead very different lives, partly because of the variations of cultural beliefs about childhood’. These variations are brought about by the fact that each child is different, with different beliefs, raised with different parenting methods in different countries with different cultural influences. All of which have individual definitions of what it is to be a child, and a child’s capabilities. These cultural and social differences all vary on their emphasis of traits that are important, such as individuality, independence, inter-dependancy and expectations of behaviour. Each child is constructed in a unique way according to these differences, and each difference impacts
Family’s beliefs and values may be different for some and in other cultures they may not be accepted. As teachers, we have to learn about different cultures and expand our knowledge so families could feel more accepted. In the book, Anti- Bias Education for young children and ourselves by Louise Derman-Sparks & Julie Olsen Edwards, talks about how culture and fairness involves two dimensions, children’s development of a positive culture, identity, and their respectful interactions with other cultures. With these two dimensions, it will help the child to continue to express their home culture at school while learning the different cultures at school with their classmates. They learn about what’s right from wrong, how to dress, and talk
The purpose of this essay is to familiarize the reader with some of the cultural values of two prevalent minority cultures in the Western Washington area classrooms in order to create a positive learning environ resulting in higher academic achievement for these students. The two cultures discussed in this essay are Mexican Americans and Filipino Americans. Although the Sumner School District, where I work, is not highly diverse, these two minorities are represented to some degree in most of the schools. Among the important factors that influence one’s cultural identity and are discussed in this essay are: language, socioeconomics, traditions, immigration, religion, and the family organization.
I am not a child of immigrants, but maintaining one’s culture is a universal struggle in a land far from one’s ethnic origins. Lahiri suggests that without cultural connections such as family and friends, one’s culture can simply vanish if they are not in the land of ethnic origin. I have found this to be true within my own
Students in American public schools represent an increasingly diverse population in terms of race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and other characterizations. Students come from a variety of cultures, backgrounds, and home environments. More specifically, culture includes shared traditions, symbols, language, behaviors, and what is considered normal and abnormal for a group of people. Vygotsky (1978) explained that students come to school with experiences that impact how they assimilate new information. Humans learn through interaction with others and interpretation of information is based upon past experiences and current perceptions. Based on this thinking, educators must develop cultural competence
Something that has always fascinated me is the confrontation with a completely different culture. We do not have to travel far to realize that people really lead different lives in other countries and that the saying "Home sweet home" often applies to most of us. What if we suddenly had to leave our homes and settle somewhere else, somewhere where other values and beliefs where common and where people spoke a different language? Would we still try to hang on to the 'old home' by speaking our mother tongue, practising our own religion and culture or would we give in to the new and exciting country and forget our past? And what would it be like for our children, and their children? In Identity Lessons - Contemporary Writing About Learning to Be American I found many different stories telling us what it is like to be "trapped" between two cultures. In this short essay I aim to show that belonging to two cultures can be very confusing.
According to Charon, culture is one of the social patterns in society. It arises in social interaction. It is taught in social interaction. Culture is made up of three smaller sets of patterns: (1) rules, (2) beliefs, and (3) values (Charon p. 56). For these two peer croups, the contrast in their lifestyles and culture can be attributed to the influence, involvement, and expectations of their parents. The parents of the Brothers expect that their children will do well in school, they expect them to stay out trouble, and to refrain from the use of drugs and alcohol. Thus, from their families, the Brothers take away a contradictory outlook. On the one hand, they see that hard work on the part of their parents has not gotten them very far, an implicit indictment of the openness of the opportunity structure. On the other hand, they are encouraged by these same people to have high hopes for the future (Macleod p. 167). In contrast, the Hallway Hangers’ families do not hold high aspirations, they do not expect that their children do well in school, stay out of trouble, or refrain from the use of drugs. In fact they have very little influence in their children’s lives. It is not that the parents don’t want the best for their children, they are just afraid to set them up for failure. The Hallway Hangers have seen their older siblings and other friends fail in school. As a result, they hold a firm belief that children from higher econo...
This work is very important to me because it highlights the importance of cultural identity and how this is continually formulated in spite of the dramatic rate at which technology is taking over every aspect of my life. I particularly find it interesting that even with the proliferation of devices and new media, I am not able to completely let go of what I regard as memories that define my cultural identity. These memories come from experiences and development of oneself. Cultural learning, also called cultural transmission, is the way a group of people or animals within a society or culture tend to learn and pass on information. Learning styles are greatly influenced by how a culture socializes with its children and young people.
Cook, G., & Cook, J. L. (2010). The world of children. (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc.
...the most beneficial strategies to increase efficiency in learning. The research educators should analyze the perception of such pedagogy on family members with diverse cultural backgrounds. Some parents may feel that they are being forced into adopting other cultures, which may create a negative attitude towards the school administration. This may also affect the children’s academic performance if they feel left out. It is essential to establish measures that ensure all cultures are equally considered in fostering effective learning. Researchers should seek further information on the effective strategies that can help students remain interested in learning about different cultures. Students should involve their parents in the learning process; therefore, it is vital to examine the home-school culture and determine the impact of each aspect in the learning process.
King, M., Sims, A., & Osher, D. (n.d.). How is Cultural Competency integrated in education? Retrieved July 7, 2014, from http://cecp.air.org/cultural/Q_integrated.htm#def
In 1995, Delpit published Other People's Children: Cultural Conflict in the Classroom. Although the excerpt analyzed in this paper is from a larger work, it was written by Delpit (1995) as a self-contained speech. This excerpt includes many of the concepts Delpit believes to be the basic cultural conflicts in the classroom, which are stereotyping, child-deficit assumptions and student isolation and invisibility. Delpit's goal is to "remove the dynamic of oppression that are inherent in any classroom…that come together when (primarily white) teachers spend time with 'other people's children'" (Delpit, 1995, pg.69). Through Other People's Children: Cultural Conflict in the Classroom, Delpit lays the foundation for multicultural education and details ways teachers can solve the inherent problems that arise as a result of many cultures interacting in the classroom. The purpose of this paper is an analysis of this text through an analytic, interpretive and normative reading.
Wertlieb, Donald. "Child." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2011. Web. 16 Aug. 2011.Retrieved from http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar110700&st=middle+childhood+development&sc=1#h4
Culture is a powerful influence plays a big role in our interactions. Culture may also impact parenting style and a developing child. Having a strong sense of their own cultural history and the traditions associated with it helps children build a positive cultural identity for themselves. This also supports children’s sense of belonging and, by extension, their mental health and wellbeing. This class is crucial in understanding and working well parents, staff, and children. An effective educator understands how students’ cultures affect their perceptions, self-esteem, values, classroom behavior, and learning. As director, I need to use that understanding to help my students and staff feel welcomed, affirmed, respected, and valued. One way that I can do this is by using multicultural literature, especially children’s literature, to honor students’ culture and foster cross-cultural understanding. If cultural differences are not understood by teachers and management, it can lead to miscommunication and misunderstandings on both sides. It will be my job to do all I can to overcome both language and cultural differences to ensure a positive learning environment for