Neonates born with respiratory failure or respiratory distress have a very low chance for survival. Techniques to treat these newborns have been advancing throughout the years, but these treatments have high risks. One technique that can treat these neonates is called extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or ECMO for short. The development of ECMO has been a process that started before 1970 after the invention a successful use of the disposable bubble oxygenator. This oxygenator was good for short bypass periods but did not allow the patient to be on it for more than a couple of hours. In addition, this oxygenator was damaging to the blood because of the large contact area between blood and oxygen. In an effort to make a better oxygenator, the membrane oxygenator was created and ECMO followed.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is used to treat two main health issues in neonates. The top reason being providing respiratory support during functional impairment (1) and the second reason is in patients requiring postoperative support after cardiac repair have been treated with ECMO, which has been increasingly successful (4). It is a way for a neonates lungs to receive a recovery period when on bypass (5). When a baby in born and the doctors conclude that it is suffering from respiratory problems, the child needs help as soon as possible. When that neonate is being considered for ECMO, it has to meet eight specific criteria points. These eight points include “1. At least 35 weeks gestational age; 2. Greater than 2000 grams in weight; 3. No structural cardiac disease; 4. Less than seven days (relative) or tan days (absolute) ventilator support; 5. Reversible lung disease; 6. No intracranial hemorrhage or severe coagulopathy; 7. Failure...
... middle of paper ...
...oxygenation is a lifesaving treatment of respiratory failure.
Works Cited
(1) Lipton, B., Weinreich, A., Michal, V., & Jacobson, J. H. (1970, November). Respiratory Failure Treated with the Membrane Oxygenator in the Hyperbaric Chamber. CHEST Journal, 58(5), 513-517.
(2) Lim, M. W. (2006). History of Extracorporeal Oxygenators. The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, 985-991.
(3) Rodrigues-Cruz, E. (2013, August 27). Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Retrieved from Medscape: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1818617-overview
(4) Foglia, R. (1990). Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 20-24.
(5) Schumacher, R. E., Palmer, T., Roloff, D. W., LaClaire, P. A., & Barlett, R. H. (1991). Follow-up of Infants Treated with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Newborn Respiratory Failure. PEDIATRICS, 451-457.
This essay describes how the anaesthetic machine and airway management equipment are prepared in operating theatres and discusses how they are ensured safe for use. It evaluates the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI) guidelines related to safe practice and the preparation of the ET tubes, laryngeal masks, guedels, Naso pharyngeal airways and the laryngoscope. The function of the anaesthetic workstation is to deliver a mixture of anaesthetic agents and gases safely to the patient during the induction process and throughout surgery. In addition, it also provides ventilation to support breathing and monitors the patient’s vital signs to minimise the anaesthetic risks to the patient whilst in the care of health professionals. The pre-use check is vital to patient safety as an inadequate check of the anaesthetic machine or airway management equipment can and does lead to significant harm of the patient including mortality (Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), 2008 and Magee, 2012).
Mrs. Jones, An elderly woman, presented severely short of breath. She required two rest periods in order to ambulate across the room, but refused the use of a wheel chair. She was alert and oriented, but was unable to speak in full sentences. Her skin was pale and dry. Her vital signs were as follows: Temperature 97.3°F, pulse 83, respirations 27, blood pressure 142/86, O2 saturation was 84% on room air. Auscultation of the lungs revealed crackles in the lower lobes and expiratory wheezing. Use of accessory muscles was present. She was put on 2 liters of oxygen via nasal canal. With the oxygen, her O2 saturation increased to 90%. With exertion her O2 saturation dropped to the 80's. Mrs. Jones began coughing and she produced large amounts of milky sputum.
Cord clamping has long been practiced to occur immediately after birth of a neonate. There is much discussion and evidence based practice that shows improvements to health when we delay the clamping and cutting of the umbilical cord. Delayed clamping allows for more nutrient rich blood to flow to the infant’s body, which is going through shock at birth. Early clamping is generally done between 10 seconds after expulsion of the fetus to one minute , whereas delayed clamping ranges from two minutes until the cord finishes pulsating. The research collected will analyze early clamping and delayed clamping to see which practice is found to be healthier for mother and child.
The journal associated with this organization is Advances in Neonatal Care. This information was established through the website and the Co- Editors ...
Neonatal nursing is a field of nursing designed especially for both newborns and infants up to 28 days old. The term neonatal comes from neo, "new", and natal, "pertaining to birth or origin”. Neonatal nurses are a vital part of the neonatal care team. These are trained professionals who concentrate on ensuring that the newborn infants under their care are able to survive whatever potential life threatening event they encounter. They treat infants that are born with a variety of life threatening issues that include instances of prematurity, congenital birth defects, surgery related problems, cardiac malformations, severe burns, or acute infection. Neonatal care in hospitals was always done by the nursing staff but it did not officially become a specialized medical field until well into 1960s. This was due to the numerous advancements in both medical care training and related technology that allowed for the improved treatment and survival rate of premature babies. According to the March of Dimes, one of every thirteen babies born in the United States annually suffers from low birth weight. This is a leading cause in 65% of infant deaths. Therefore, nurses play a very important role in providing round the clock care for these infants, those born with birth defects or other life threatening illness. In addition, these nurses also tend to healthy babies while their mothers recover from the birthing process. Prior to the advent of this specialized nursing field at risk newborn infants were mostly cared for by obstetricians and midwives who had limited resources to help them survive (Meeks 3).
This study is a clinical trial that aims to find out the effect of massage on behavioral state of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. The participants were 45 neonates who hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit of Afzalipour hospital in Kerman. Parental consent was obtained for research participation. The inclusion criteria included all infants born with respiratory distress syndrome, less than 36 weeks gestational age and without of any the following conditions: contraindication of touch, skin problems, hyperbilirubinemia, anemia, respirators, chest tube, addicted mother, congenital and central nervous system disease. Infants entered the massage protocol during the second day after starting enteral feeding, because the initiation of enteral feeding means that the infants in physiologically stable [12]. The researcher determined if infants met the study criteria. After initial assessment, the infants were entered to the group. The infants received 45 minute periods of massage intervention per day for 5 days. Each infant received tactile/kinesthetic stimulation, 15 minute periods at the beginning of three consecutive hours. Each massage always started at approximately 30 minutes after afternoon feeding and provided by one or two trained nurses. The 15 minute stimulation sessions consist of 3 standardized 5 minute phases. Tactile stimulation was given during the first and third phases, and kinesthetic stimulation was given during the middle phase. For the tactile stimulation, the neonate was placed in a prone position. After thorough hand scrubbing, the person providing stimulation placed the palms of her warmed hands on the infant’s body through the isolate portholes. Then She gently stroked with her hands for five ...
Introduction: This paper will discuss a case study of Liam, a three-month-old boy who is transferred from the General Practitioner (GP) to a paediatric ward with bronchiolitis. Initially, Liam’s chief health issues will be identified, followed by a nursing assessment and diagnosis of the child’s needs. Focus will be made on the management of two major health problems: respiratory distress and dehydration, and summary and evaluation of the interventions with evidence of learning. Lastly, a conclusion of the author’s self-evaluation will be presented. Identification of specific key issues: Liam is a previously healthy boy who has experienced rhinorrhoea, intermittent cough, and poor feeding for the past four days.
Thatcher, V.S. (1953) History of Anesthesia, With Emphasis on the Nurse Specialist. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company.
Ruppert, S, D., Shiao, S, K., Tolentino-DelosReyes, A. F.,(2007). Evidence- Based Practice. Use of the Ventilator Bundle to prevent Ventilator associated pneumonia (3rd ed). American Journal of Critical Care.
British Thoracic Society, (2008), Guideline for Emergency Oxygen Use in Adult Patients, Thorax: an International Journal of the Respiratory Medicine, 63 (6), DOI: 10.1136/thx.2008.102947
...o those patients with chest pain, in order to maintain oxygen saturations as close to 100%, unknowingly realizing that the patient is being exposed to significant periods of hyperoxia (Moradkham & Sinoway, 2010 ). It has been suggested that this is due to poor monitoring skills by health professionals. (Moradkham & Sinoway, 2010 ). From reading this essay it is clear that there is a high demand and need of further clinical research into the effectiveness of oxygen in the client with chest pain. More research also has to be conducted in order for the health professionals to fully understand what oxygen does to the body. Through completing and implementing more updated and reviewed evidence and research on the effect of oxygen on the client with chest pain, a better practice can be put in place to ensure the patient is receiving the best care to save their life.
II. Imagine your little nephew or niece baby was born with a heart defect and required daily transfusions of blood in order to have a chance at survival.
A neonatologist has many tasks and responsibilities before, during, and after the birth of an at-risk newborn. If there is reason to believe there are going to be complications with a birth that would cause negative side effects for the infant, a neonatologist will be brought in to help. In these high-risk situations, a team effort is required and the neonatologist takes the lead position. The neonatologist will be responsible for advising the parents on what to expect during and after labor. After the infant is born, the neonatologist has to find a method to properly care for the baby. Because most premature babies have a low birth-weight, their lungs need to be supported and they need to be kept warm. During this whole process, the neonatologist interacts with the parents to keep them updated on their baby’s condition (Weaver, 2009).
Mechanical ventilation is defined as using a device that is called a ventilator to provide positive pressure oxygen flow to a patient who have partially or fully lost the ability to breath on their own. Typically patients will require a ventilator for anesthesia during surgeries, or respiratory compromise due to trauma or some sort of illness. When people imagine a ventilated patient they constantly think of the unconscious person who sustained some sort of major trauma who are more than likely brain dead. However there are many patients that have lost the ability to breathe that are now regaining consciousness only to find they cannot breath on their own. This condition could be permanent or they could take some time to regain the ability to breathe on their own in a process called weaning.
New technologies are being developed every day. The latest advance in fetal monitoring is the fetal oxygen monitor: “A device that directly measures fetal oxygen saturation during labor and delivery is now available and has the potential to reduce the number of Cesarean sections performed for non-reassuring heart rates.” (Mechcatie) The article by Mechcatie describes the monitor extremely well: “The device’s sensor, located at the end of a flexible tube, is made of pliable plastic and is inserted through the cervical os until it lies along the fetal cheek, where the pressure of the uterine wall keeps it in place during labor. The sensor shines light into the fetal skin and computes the oxygen saturation by measuring the color of the reflected light coming through the blood cells.”