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A comparison of the the two autocratic and democratic leadership styles
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As the fields of Human Resources (HR) and Industrial Relations (IR) had their genesis in the concept of labour problems, it could be regarded that policy changes throughout New Zealand’s history have addressed deplorable working conditions. However, unsatisfactory conditions of low wages, 12-hour workdays, primitive health and safety conditions, and management’s discrimination and autocratic control continue to occur within some New Zealand (NZ) workplaces. A prime example this essay will focus on are deckhands on high-sea fishing boats, to demonstrate that although working conditions still differ, these can be resolved by employers applying HR and IR approaches in the workplace to rectify fair working conditions.
Talley’s Nelson Deep Sea Division is a private company that specialises in freezer trawler operations (Talley’s, n.d.). Deckhands on these high-sea fishing expeditions spend between 40-50 days at sea, during which they work in rotations of six hours on, six hours off (Careers New Zealand, 2010). This cycle means employees work 12-hour days, which could have inadvertent negative effects on their performance. Due to the tight fishing deadline, workers do not get a chance to unwind before their next haul. Rotating work schedules combined with long hours, creates fatigue and stress in workers, and further taxes their mental and physical capacities (Comperatore & Rivera, 2007).
Commercial Fishing is extremely competitive with considerable pressure to deliver on time. This creates an intense and stressful work atmosphere that can lead to fatigue becoming a health and safety issue (Maritime New Zealand [MNZ], n.d.). It is rated as one of the most dangerous industries to work in, and is evidenced in NZ by the total number...
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http://www.munz.org.nz/
New Zealand Council of Trade Unions. (2010). Migration debate missing the point - SFWU. Retrieved from http://union.org.nz/
New Zealand Seafood Industry Training Organisation. (2011). Seafood ITO. Retrieved from http://www.seafoodito.co.nz/
Oates, S. (November 25, 2010). Leadership Styles - Autocratic vs democratic vs bureaucratic. [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://www.leadership-expert.co.uk
Pfeffer, J. (1998). Six dangerous myths about pay. Harvard Business Review, 76(3), 108-119.
Statistics New Zealand. (n.d.). All claims for work-related injuries by territorial authority – 2009. Retrieved from http://www.stats.govt.nz/
Talley’s Group Limited (n.d.). Deep Sea Division. Retrieved from http://www.talleys.co.nz/
Three News. (March 2, 2009). Sealord to cut 160 jobs in Nelson. Retrieved from http://www.3news.co.nz/
STYLES OF LEADERSHIP An autocratic leadership style is one where the manager sets objectives, allocates tasks, and insists on obedience. Therefore the group becomes dependent on him or her. The result of this style is the members of the group are often dissatisfied with the leader. This results in little cohesion, the need for high levels of supervision, and poor levels of motivation amongst employees. A democratic leadership style encourages participation in decision making.
Vila, B., Kenney, D., Morrison, G. B., and Reuland, M. (2000, August 28). Evaluating the Effects of Fatigue On Police Patrol Officers: Final Report. U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved on December 7, 2013 from
U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2011). Nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses requiring days away from work, 2010. Retrieved March 24, 2014, from www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2011/ted_20111117.htm
Edwin T. Cornelius III defined leadership style as the broad, characteristic way in which a leader interacts with others across in various situations and occasions. (Cornelius, 2006) However, many researchers would agree that leadership style is merely traits and they can change within an organization or between different situations. Annick M. Brennen in an article stated: A study of leadership styles therefore deals mainly with the manner in which the leader carries out his/her leadership functions or roles–the use of authority and power and the approach to the decision-maki...
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, “National Consensus of Fatal Occupational Injuries in 2011 (Preliminary Results),” News Release, January 12, 2012, 2, accessed October 12, 2012, http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/cfoi.pdf.
Alienation of labor is a concern when considering truck drivers and their job. Karl Marx noted alienation to be a “subjective feeling of powerlessness, of isolation, of estrangement, and located its origin not in our separation from god or nature but from genuine human activity, from activity that connected us to ourselves and to others” (Retrieved from Module 10, Alienation at Work). Truck divers are always isolated and have a feeling of being powerless; driving for long hours and not having employees to communicate with. There is a sense of alienation and emotional labor since drivers are expected to mange their feelings and needs. They are left alone for the most part and there is a sense of separation for both truck drivers and office employees.
In rare occurrences workplace injury leads to death while the majority of injuries are minor. The national OHS strategy 2002-2012 by the Australian government has set a target to reduce fatality rate by 20% over the decade. The data from Safe Work Australia statistical report 2009-2010, shows a 10% decrease over 5 years to 2008, an increase in 2009 and a decrease in 2010 (Graph 1). The increase in 2008-2009 was among 15-24 years age group with 95% being male workers.
Autocratic leadership theory is a part of the behavioural approach. In this leadership theory, leader makes all decisions and uses power to command and control the followers to achieve goal. According to Lewin(1939), “autocratic leaders are associated with high-performing groups, but that close supervision is necessary and feeling of hostility are often present” (p.173). It is incredibly efficient and tasks are completed quickly. Autocratic leadership can be beneficial when decisions need to be making quickly. For example, in emergency situation surgeon uses this theory because the patient’s situation is between life and death and there is no time to discuss with other members. Bass (2008) mentioned in the Leadership styles and theories article, “Autocratic leaders can be effective because they create good structure, and determine what needs to be done. They provide rewards for compliance, but punish disobedience” (Giltinane, 2013, p. 35-37).
Leadership styles can be divided, primarily, into the two categories of democratic and authoritarian leadership styles. This study will examine the three democratic styles of transformational, servant, and charismatic leadership. The study will both broaden the knowledge of these forms of leadership and examine their effect on performance, engagement, and job satisfaction. The research will further attempt to properly define each style, identify their goals, and effect on innovation. The styles will ultimately be compared and measured against one another to determine their merits and perils. This review will add to the discourse of democratic leadership styles and serve to establish a framework whereby charismatic, transformational, and
Historically, the nursing profession has been actively involved in the health promotion and disease prevention among the general public. However, while caring for others, nurses often neglect their personal safety, which ultimately results in the high level of work-related injuries. Failure to timely address risk factors for nursing can have dire consequences for patient outcomes, since it is often associated with increased medication errors and patient falls, poor quality of care, and permanent disability of the nursing staff (Stokowski, 2014).
A great example of a company and individual that used an autocratic style of leadership is, Leona Helmsley and her chain of Helmsley hotels in New York. Mrs. Leona Helmsley AKA “The Queen of mean” was a firm believer of the autocratic style of leadership. She ran her hotel empire with an iron fist. She beli...
Long working hours continue to be one of the largest health concerns in the world. Currently, the world population has become so busy due to the pressure from harsh economic conditions. People are therefore spending long working hours in the workplace, which is an aspect that has negative impact on their health conditions. Statistics from Working Condition Survey indicates that approximately 30% of workers residing in European Union believe that their health is at risk due to the hours they spent in the workplace (Gurung, 2010:16)
Accidents occur in the workplace but in secret. These most of the time lead to physical and mental injuries that might affect the worker way of living for the rest of their lives. It is estimated that more than 337 million workers get injured in their place of work or in the course of work every year leading to work-related diseases causing about 2.3 million deaths per year (United States Department of Labor, n.d.).
Ngirwa, C. C., Euwema, M., Babyegeya, E., & Stouten, J. (2013). Leaders styles of managing
The leadership style that was possessed here was autocratic leadership. Autocratic leadership involves the leader making decisions and using power to control the situation and others Kelly, P.,