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The concussion rates among high school, collegiate, and professional athletes is increasing at an alarming rate. The United States alone reports 1.6 to 3.8 million cases of sport-related concussions per year2-4, 9, 12. The 1.6 to 3.8 million does not account for the large number of concussions that remain unreported by athletes2-4, 9, 12. According to McCrory et al., a concussion is defined as a complex pathophysiological process that disturbs the brain, which is prompted by traumatic biomechanical forces 10. Sports- related concussions are one of the most complex injuries, which makes them difficult to assess. The cerebral functional deficits that occur in one athlete may be completely the opposite from another athlete3-4. Studies conducted by both Sosnoff and Broglio (et al.) uncovered that more than fifty percent of high school athletes failed to inform medical personnel following an injury .2,12
Athletic trainers, as well as other sports medicine professionals, need to be thorough in the assessment protocol and cautious in return to play decisions. An extensive assessment is imperative because of the potential for a catastrophic consequence due to a premature return to participation, or the risk of a second-impact syndrome that may prove to be fatal8, 11. Second- impact syndrome can be characterized as a serve form of re-injury that involves the rapid swelling of the brain and herniation 6. The individual receives a second head injury prior to the full recovery of the brain from the first head injury6. The second impact may be caused by either a direct blow to the head or a blow elsewhere that results in an indirect acceleration of the brain6. Therefore, an athlete suspected of sustaining a concussion should not be overloo...
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...lins M. The relationship between post concussion symptoms and neurocognitive performance in concussed athletes. Neuro Rehabilitation 22.(2007)207-216
18. Collins M, Iverson G, Lovell M, McKeag D, Norwig J, Maroon J. On-field predictors of neuropsychological and symptom deficit following sports-related concussion. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine.2003; 13:222-229
19. Randolph C. Baseline neuropsychological testing in managing sport-related concussion: does it modify risk? Current Sports Medicine Reports.2011;10(1): 21-26
20. Brooks D. Use of computer based testing of youth hockey players with concussions. Neuro Rehabilitation 22. (2007) 169-179
21. Collie A, Maruff P, McStephen M, Darby D. Are reliable change(RC) calculations appropriate for determining the extent of cognitive change in concussed athletes? British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2003;37(4):370-376