Neural Networks and the Latest Trends
Introduction:
Traditionally, the term neural network had been used to refer to a network or circuit of biological neurons. The modern usage of the term often refers to artificial neural network. Though the digital Computer technology is advanced a lot and does many tasks very fast and accurately, does exactly what we tell them to do, they were not able to perform some simple operations like reading, hand written note or recognizing human face or voice which seems to be difficult for even most advanced system to identify. Even Standard algorithm doesn’t work properly with noisy or incomplete data. So in order to improve the ability of the computer and to perform such simple day to day operations and to process like human brain, programmers designed programs which more likely to behave like human brain with neuron and synaptic connections which leads to the evolution of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Thus in this short paper we will discuss more about the basic structure, advantages of ANN, how to train ANN, applications it is used and finally the latest trend.
Historical Background:
Neural Network system may appear to be a latest invention but this field of concept was established before the introduction of computers, and has survived at one least setback and several years. The first artificial neuron was produced in 1943 by the neurophysiologist Warren McCulloch and the logician Walter Pits. But the technology available at that time did not allow them to do too much. The first artificial neural network was invented in 1958 by psychologist Frank Rosenblatt. Called Perceptron, it was intended to model how the human brain processed visual data and learned to recognize objects.
Purpose ...
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...k which digital computers had in the past. But after the invention of neural networks, their usage in different application has been vast and now it has grown enough to protect human kind in all aspects. Their ability to learn by examples makes them very flexible and powerful. Another biggest advantage of using neural networks is that the system doesn’t need algorithm or doesn’t need to understand any internal mechanism of any particular task. Thus in this present world of automation, automating each and every application wouldn’t be possible without this vital human invention.
References:
1. An Introduction to Neural Network”, by James A. Anderson; PHI, 1999
2. http://www.learnartificialneuralnetworks.com/
3. www.alyuda.com/neuralnetworks.htm
4. http://www.cs.stir.ac.uk/~lss/NNIntro/InvSlides.html
5. http://www.cheshireeng.com/Neuralyst/nnbg.htm
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