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Brief history of sports
Essay on History of sports
Brief history of sports
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Chapter 1 - Introduction
The topic chosen for this honours dissertation is to analyse male and female motivations and perceptions of gym and fitness class use. For the purpose of this research Stewarton Sports Centre was used as a case study and also a wide range of people were used via social networking to provide feedback and opinions.
Justification for research topic
The researcher had initially chosen this topic in December 2013. The topic was chosen to show a breakdown of the motivations for male and female participation or non-participation within a gym and fitness classes but also to analyse perceptions that both genders had about gym and fitness classes. It was apparent that in some gyms and sports centres that fitness classes are female dominated and the gyms are male dominated therefore the researcher wanted to establish why this was happening and to try and combat this.
Motivation factors
Everyone has different motivation factors therefore this has to be established as to what is motivating the individuals to go to the gym or fitness classes.
Male and female perceptions of gym or fitness class use
For many years it has always been males who have participated in fitness training and attended the gym however more and more females are getting involved. Many males are the founders of fitness classes however it is mainly females who participate.
Chapter 2 - Literature Review
This chapter will review the literature in relation to sport, health and fitness as a whole. Firstly the researcher will give a brief history of the development of sport in general and how it has changed throughout the years from the beginning of the 1800s to the present day. Following this the emergence of health & fitness classes w...
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17/06/2013 1490 777
24/06/2013 1045 560
15/07/2013 1569 538
22/07/2013 983 508
30/07/2013 1084 433
06/08/2013 1270 692
12/08/2013 1186 541
19/08/2013 1047 713
26/08/2013 1233 769
02/09/2013 1698 1027
09/09/2013 1578 1017
16/09/2013 758 657
23/09/2013 1579 961
01/10/2013 1618 1026
07/10/2013 1499 994
14/10/2013 973 261
21/10/2013 1571 849
04/11/2013 1531 799
11/11/2013 2648 1662
18/11/2013 1592 1002
25/11/2013 1322 723
02/12/2013 1385 1021
09/12/2013 1290 819
16/12/2013 673 318
23/12/2013 43 46
Male Female
Total 40245 23300
When this data is transferred on a graph or chart is shows the percentage of each gender;
• Male = 63%
• Females = 37%
This corresponds with previous research showing that males participate more than females in regular sports or fitness activities.
Table 1.2– Male v Female attendance at SSC (pie-chart)
First I’m going to focus on how the media destroys people motivation by displaying misleading photos in their advertisements. Most gyms, workout facilities, and athletic wear clothing get models that are very physically fit to advertise their company in their commercials which is understandable because you do want the best to advertise your product. But when using people that look like they have been in the gym working out for over ten years, it can be very discouraging to the person that is just trying to start working out. And even more discouraging most gyms will use models that use supplements that help improve their body size and strength. These photos give people the false impression that if they work out hard enough they can achieve the results as the photos they are forced to stare at every day. What a lot of people fail to realize is a lot of times ...
The existence of hegemonic power related to gender roles in sport limits the participation of students in Sport Aerobics. This hypothesis is supported by the data gathered from a survey that 24 Nambour High students took (Appendix 1). The survey included 2 female and male students from each year level. This survey revealed that only 16% of students have participated in Sport Aerobics and the majority of the students were from the senior year levels. When the students were asked what gender Sport Aerobics is for over half the students said both male and female. However, 37% of the students said that Sport Aerobics is for women only and 6 out the 9 students that answered women were male meaning that the majority of male students believe that Sport Aerobics is a feminine sport. None of the students believed that Sport Aerobics is an only male sport. Seventy percent of students throughout all the year levels believe that men are stronger than women. The only students that said women were female themselves. It is fixed in to student’s minds that men are stronger than women because of the lack of recognition to female athletes on the media. Students only see strong male athletes such as rugby league players presented on the media. This accounts for the 70% of students that do not watch any women’s sport and the only students that do were female. This result is due to the lack of women role models in the
The gym is a place where a typical American college student goes to work out their bodies. Based on the fact that I personally could be considered a gym rat, a stereotypical name for someone who spends a lot of time in the work out area. This is partially by choice being on the swim team requires the strength training equipment that is available to our disposal in the gym. While I have been to the gym many times I haven’t really taken the time to take in the other people around me. Within this ethnographic exercise I will explore the college gym norms within Roger Williams University.
Fagrell, B., Larsson, H., & Redelius, K. (2012). The game within the game: girls' underperforming position in Physical Education.Gender & Education, 24(1), 101-118. doi:10.1080/09540253.2011.582032
When it comes down to it everyone ends up working out because it becomes a part of their everyday life style and they enjoy doing it. A person who is slightly overweight would get into the gym for weight loss and quickly see that there are many other people around working towards the same goal. Progress becomes easier when encouragement is received from others. Whether it is said or not everyone has their own motive to go to the gym, that easily separates people in this discourse community. However, it also brings unity to their own group.
Black, Tamara. 2008. Exercise and Fitness in a U.S. Commercial Gym.Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms International.
All in all, the rise of the fitness industry has impacted almost everyone in America, whether it means being more health conscious, body conscious, or fitness-a-phobic. This new fitness movement, if it continues growing at the rate it has been, will keep coming out with innovative ways to motivate the unmotivated into leading more active lifestyles. Ultimately this will lead to an American public that enjoys longer, healthier lives.
The competition between the different exercise protocols for space highlights the struggle for each group to garner valuable resources to enhance their training routine. Next, the gym showcases social laws that everyone adheres to such as cleaning equipment, avoid gawking at others, and sticking to your respective workout space. Consequently, when a deviance to any of these laws becomes apparent the gym society swiftly acts to correct the action with disapproval and guidance for corrective actions. Finally, the gym truly embodies cultural pluralism during this hour long viewing people work together, conversant, and encourage one another regardless of their ethnic background. Since examples are highlighting social concepts, let’s move
Bodybuilding still gave them a sense of empowerment that not only influence them to compete but also affect other aspects of their lives. For example, empowerment was a critical factor in enabling women to see they had the ability to change and shape their individual worlds. In the midst of social constraint, female bodybuilder exert control over their lives through the conscious decision of becoming bodybuilder through shaping and changing their bodies. Female body building become a form of agency. And through that they develop the strengths to try out other things in life. In this study, just like the other one many competitors reported a feeling in self- worth. Competitors also reported feeling more confident too. However, with anything there are both benefits and costs to do what you love and in this study it took note to how the cost of being a bodybuilder can affect your physical and mental
I believe that fitness has a greater impact on you mentally than it does physically. Fitness releases chemicals that cause you to feel better instantaneously, improving mood for 24 hours. Fitness makes you more confident and improves your self-esteem, key for ridding anxiety and depression. Fitness makes you set goals for yourself, motivating you to improve yourself everyday. It gives you a boost of energy after, making you feel like you can conquer the world, or to just do your homework.
Information When you think of a person who is physically fit you probably think of a sprinter, gymnast, weightlifter, football player, or basketball player. There is so much to physical fitness besides being one of those people. For decades, physiologist and fitness organizations have tried to come up with an answer and here it is. “Physical fitness- a measure of the body’s ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, resist hypokinetic disease (diseases from sedentary lifestyles), and to meet emergency situations .” Sometimes they add to the definition stating it is the ability to transmit genes to the next generation. Now, this is the short answer for what physical fitness it is much longer is and detailed
Chorney, David W, and Cameron Weitz. “Gender Issues in Physical Education: Female Students’ Perspectives and Experiences”. Health & Physical Education Council. Mediashaker, 2012. Web. 27 April 2014
Gender is a social construct rather than biologically given that outlines the behaviours, roles, activities and attributes that a particular society agrees to be appropriate for men and women. The assignment of these roles and traits can create gender equities — the division of gender and favouring one group more than the other. Since gender hugely influences the foundation of our behaviours, characteristics, activities and roles, it can be concluded that everything people do, own or even think is systematically categorised into men and women. One of the areas that social constructions of masculinity and femininity play a significant role is sport. David Rowe has stated that “since the institutional establishment of sport as a regulated, professionalized
Siedentop, D. Introduction to physical education, fitness, and sport. 7. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 2009. Print.
Ann, 2007, pg. 57), however this is not true. This mentality causes males to resent the female athletes, thus rendering it even more difficult for them to succeed. Without a shift in gender ideology, females will continue to face adversity, regardless of the amount of change that has occurred over the last 30 years. There does not need to be equality between the genders within sports, however equity must be seen, with the perception of the abilities that female athletes possess not being compared to that of males. This would aid males to not feel as threatened by females participating in sports and physical