Definition Health Expenditure: - Health expenditure refers to the sum of public and private health expenditure. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation. It is calculated as the percentage of a nation's GDP. Total expenditure on health is the sum of general government health expenditure and private health expenditure in a given year, calculated in national currency units in current prices. (WHO) Public health Expenditure:- Public expenditure consists of recurrent and capital spending from government (central and local) budgets, external borrowings and grants (including donations from international agencies and nongovernmental organizations), and social (or compulsory) health insurance funds . Public funds are state, regional and local Government bodies and social security schemes. ) Private Health Expenditure: - Private health expenditure includes direct household (out-of-pocket) spending, private insurance, charitable donations, and direct service payments by private corporations. ) Health financing system in India Health finance:-Health financing as the “function of a health system concerned with the mobilization, accumulation and allocation of money to cover the health needs of the people, individually and collectively, in the health system”; the “purpose of health financing is to make funding available, as well as to set the right financial incentives to providers, to ensure that all individuals have access to effective public health and personal health care”(WHO 2007). Health financing has three key functions: revenue collection, pooling of resour... ... middle of paper ... ...illion during 2004–05 of which Rs. 20,884 million constituting 68.49% was routed through the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. State governments received directly 10.73% of total external funds. Further grants to NGOs formed 20.78% of total external flow in 2004–05. Reference 1. http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat2006HealthFinancing.pdf 2. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.PCAP 3. Figure 1, kataria, Finance of health care services (BOP-WHO workshop-1995) 4. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/health-expenditure-public-percent-of-gdp-wb-data.html 5. Figure 2, total expenditure on health public ,data source, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.PUBL 6. Fig. 3, Health expenditure- Public (government),data source, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.PUBL.ZS 7. Figure 4,data source, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.OOPC.ZS
Any UK government is faced with a long list of health issues, this list would include macro questions such as the relationship of the National Health Service (NHS) to broader policies which might affect the health of the population and how to finance and staff health services. The NHS has gone through many stages of development in the last century, however the 1990 act introduced the most radical accounting control system since the birth of the NHS. Much accounting research has been developed on this topic and this paper will bring together some of their findings.
Health care costs affect family finances in two major ways: out-of-pocket spending, such as co-pays, deductibles, and prescriptions, and the family’s share of the health insurance premium. The United States health care spending growth continues to annually increase in expenditures that have stabilized at less than 4% per year. Rising cost-sharing is largely at...
Hoole, Francis. Politic and Budgeting in the World Health Organization. 2 Indiana Unniverstity Press. 1997.
Health care expenditures is an increasing proportion of gross domestic product (GDP) in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries as its share in GDP increased by an average of nearly 2 percent annually in last 40 years. Health care expenditures in the US increased 6.2 on average annually between 1991 and 2011. Health care spending consisted 17.9 percent of GDP in the US in 2011.
In countries that offer free health service for all its citizens, the program is funded with tax money. In some cases , this leads to higher the taxes in order to fund the system.
National health systems are assessed by the extent to which expenditure and actions in public health and medical care contributes to the crucial social goals of improving health, increasing access to quality healthcare, reducing health disparities, protecting citizens from penury due to medical e...
Health policy is described as the action of the Government to achieve goals within the health sector (10). Through an analysis of policy it is understood that it is influenced
Access to health does not only relate to how available the services are but also how they are delivered at the point of care. People should have access to equity healthcare which means the provision of fair goods and services and opportunities needed for the physical, psychological and spiritual health (McGibbon, Etowa & McPherson, 2008). These health services can be made available through the creation of more public clinics and hospitals. Several studies done in developing countries indicates that introducing medical user fees leads to reducing utilization which tends to affect the poor (CSDH, 2008).
The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in its 1948 constitution as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (Who,1946).
Beitsch et al. (2006) also conveys the main functions of state public health institutions, which include the assessment of diseases, policy development, and the commitment to health protection and promotion activities. While Brumback and Malecki (1996) reveal that the role of public health agencies is to assess and analyse public health problems, form policies, layout development, and implement
In order to provide affordable health care, government should have huge amount of money to be invested in the hospitals, for arranging doctors and for financing.
Healthcare has predominantly grown over the years. Healthcare cost has become very expensive to afford and many were lost without it. Healthcare became a number one factor in the United State because of the economic downfall in the last few millennium years. Last few years U.S government aggressively worked hard to succeed in bring new innovation to help the healthcare affordable to communities as well as the hospitals and medical facilities which helps to evolves according to changes and new elements. New technologies also helped great deal in with new products and new tactics to prevention and patient’s meetings which helped the with the cost of healthcare and equally improved overall patient’s health and effect. Government plays a great deal of roles with the innovation models of delivery care and financing to support the care and treatments of therapies to patients who needs it intensively. Government helps to fund the research company to come up with better advance diagnostic tools and slow discoveries for new treatments for diseases. For example: Governments funded money for research in cancer which is one of the highest
Nigeria is the most populous nation in Africa with over 160million people, Male population is greater, with 85,898,305 men, representing 50.87% of the total, compared to 82,935,471 or 49.12% women(1). The life expectancy is 53/55 for male/female respectively, whereby the gross domestic product (GDP) in 2011 was 5.3%, while in the same year the total expenditure on health per capita was 139$(2). With this large growing population, and the increasing life expectancy, the GDP is expected to continually rise as well. The recurrent expenditure on health as at 2008 was 98 million Nigeria Naira (3).
Public health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals (Winslow & Amory, 1920). Public health workers try to stop health related problems from occurring or re-occurring through executing educational programs, administering services, generating policies, regulating health systems and conducting research. Public health care encompasses numerous academic disciplines like Behavioral Science/Health Education, Environmental Health, Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Mental Health, Nutrition, Emergency Medical Services and so forth.
Insurance plans by the government usually cover all or most of the cost while the private insurance providers may cause you to pay most or all of the coverage including deductibles and copayments. The healthcare provider may also vary depending on the type of insurance. Many facilities accept public health insurance but not all do which is why it is important to contact either your insurance provider or the healthcare facility to learn about where your visits will be covered by your plan.