The mass media portray many ideal pictures that might influence audiences’ perceptions about what is desirable and popular. In the field of exploring the relationship between media and people’s perceptions, media ideal body images have received much research attention. Previous studies showed that media ideal body images cause social comparison behaviors (Lennon, Lillethun & Buckland, 1999; Luthe, 2009; Knobloch-Westerwick & Romero, 2011), which were blamed to cause negative outcomes, such as lowering people’s self-esteem (Clay, Vignoles & Dittmar, 2005; Smeesters & Mandel, 2006). However, the findings have not been entirely consistent. Lennon, Lillethun and Buckland (1999) found that self-esteem was not affected by exposed to ideal images (thin models) and normative (average-size models) images. Holmstrom (2004) found that the longer the media exposure, the better the individuals feel about themselves. Sheldon’s (2010) study focused on college students, viewed as the most vulnerable population, but the results showed that media use was not related to students’ body esteem. These inconsistent findings indicate that the relationship between media ideal body images and people’s self-esteem should be further studied. This study will study how media ideal body images influence people’s self-esteem by using the social learning theory, social comparison theory, cultivation theory, and cognitive dissonance theory. Through apply these different theories, this study hope to provide some different perspectives, such as media perspective and psychology perspective. And because this study focus on the general media body images, some it could provide information to other different subject, for example the media regulation, the advertisement... ... middle of paper ... ...09). Are all models created equal? A content analysis of women in advertisements of fitness versus fashion magazines. Body Image, 6, 137–140. Zhang, Y. B., & Lien, S. (2011). Television viewing and Taiwanese adolescent girls' perceptions of body image. China Media Report Overseas, 7(1), 111. Zhou, S., Zhou, P., & Xue, F. (2008). Effects of Advertising Images on Social Comparison: Do Societies Matter?. China Media Research, 4(1). Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Jackson‐Beeck, M., Jeffries‐Fox, S., & Signorielli, N. (1978). Cultural indicators: Violence profile no. 9. Journal of Communication, 28(3), 176-207. Gerbner, G. (1998). Cultivation analysis: An overview. Mass Communication & Society, 1(3-4), 175-194. doi:10.1207/s15327825mcs0103&4_4 Harrison, K., & Cantor, J. (1997). The relationship between media consumption and eating disorders. Journal of Communication, 47, 40–66.
Today in modern society, we are driven by social forces. The media plays such a pivotal role in what we buy, eat, wear, etc. that we are conditioning ourselves to fit the mold for the “perfect” or “ideal” body type. This social construct has been a pressing issue for many years regarding the negative effects it has had on the female physique, but not as much has been said on behalf of men. What negative effects do the media have on male body image? When confronted with appearance based advertisements, men are more likely to experience both physical insecurities and emotional issues related to body image. This paper will address these facets of the media’s negative
Hass, Cheryl J., et al. "An Intervention for the Negative Influence of Media on Body Esteem." College Student Journal 46.2 (2012): 405-418. Academic Search Complete. Web. 16 Feb. 2014.
Haas, Cheryl J. Pawlow, Laura A. Pettibone, Jon. Segrist, Dan J. -. " An Intervention For The Negative Influence Of Media On Body Esteem." College Student Journal 46.2 (2012): 405. MasterFILE - Complete the file. Tue.
Smolak, Linda, Michael P. Levine, and Ruth Striegel-Moore. "Media as Context." The Developmental Psychopathology of Eating Disorders: Implications for Research, Prevention, and Treatment. Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1996. 235-53. Print.
The media has had an increasingly destructive effect on young people who are becoming worryingly obsessed with their body image. The media is saturated in sexual imagery in which young people have to face every day. The sheer volume of sexual imagery in the media today has resulted in the vast majority of young people to become hooked on looking as near to perfection everyday by using the latest products and buying the latest fashions. This used to be enough but lately the next step to achieving perfection is cosmetic surgery. Everyone wants to look attractive, especially teenagers who are not only put under massive strain to succeed but to look beautiful and climb the ranks of the social ladder, and it seems that the only way to achieve the much desired beauty is to turn to drastic measures.
National Eating Disorder Association (2006). The media, body image, and eating disorders. Retrieved October 11, 2008, from http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org
The frequent use of media also contributes to the fact that people become influenced by what they see in the media. 8 out of 10 Americans watch television on a daily basis. Younger people are more prone to developing eating disorders and becoming influenced by media; they are the ones who use media more often. Young children from the ages of 8-18 are engaged with some type of media for approximately 7.5 hours a day. Of those 7.5 hours, most of it is watching television that is filled with influential commercials. Children even are influenced from the cartoons they watch. The cartoons and videos they watch often stress the importance of being attractive. One of the most common forms of influential advertisements and pictures are in teen magazines which are directed towards young, adolescent girls. The increasing use of media has a correlation with the increasing number of victims dealing with an eating disorder. Media has become easier to access and is needed for more things. For example, smart phones make accessing media like social media easier and since they are portable, you can use them where ever you go. Media provided influential content in which young kids can learn th...
In recent years, sociologists, psychologists, and medical experts have gone to great lengths about the growing problem of body image. This literature review examines the sociological impact of media-induced body image on women, specifically women under the age of 18. Although most individuals make light of the ideal body image most will agree that today’s pop-culture is inherently hurting the youth by representing false images and unhealthy habits. The paper compares the media-induced ideal body image with significant role models of today’s youth and the surrounding historical icons of pop-culture while exploring various sociological perspectives surrounding this issue.
Levine, Michael P., and Sarah K. Murnen. "Everybody Knows That Mass Media Are/Are Not [Pick One] A Cause Of Eating Disorders": A Critical Review Of Evidence For A Causal Link Between Media, Negative Body Image, And Disordered Eating In Females." Journal Of Social & Clinical Psychology 28.1 (2009): 9-42. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Mar. 2014.
Researchers have used various abstract foundations for examining the relationship between media and body image ( Holmstrom, 2004). Here I review the theory that has been used by researcher in the area. Bandura’s Social cognitive theory (1994) assumed that “people learn and model the behaviors of attractive others”. The supporters of this theory suggest that young women find slim models in the media attractive and try to imitate them through dieting which leads them to eating disorders.
Derenne, J. L., & Beresin, E. V. (2006). Body image, media, and eating disorders. Academic Psychiatry, 30(3), 257-261.
The media have been criticized for portraying the thin women as “ideal” .This research plans to look at the effects of media on the body image of women. This cumulates the findings of empirical studies that observe the effects of media on body image. This study will also look at the different social comparison theories that relate media and body image. It will also investigate the different sources of media that have an impact on the body image of women. It also scopes to find out which sources have a greater consequence than the others. Furthermore it also researches about how the women could be prevented from comparing their body image from that of the models and actresses portrayed in the media.
Rader, Jonathon. "Does the media cause eating disorders?." healthcarecommunication.com. N.p., 28 Aug. 2012. Web. 5 Dec. 2013.
In this age, media is more pervasive than ever, with people constantly processing some form of entertainment, advertisement or information. In each of these outlets there exists an idealized standard of beauty, statistically shown to effect the consumer’s reflection of themselves. The common portrayal of women’s bodies in the media has shown to have a negative impact on women and girls. As the audience sees these images, an expectation is made of what is normal. This norm does not correspond to the realistic average of the audience. Failing to achieve this isolates the individual, and is particularly psychologically harmful to women. Though men are also shown to also be effected negatively by low self-esteem from the media, there remains a gap as the value of appearance is seen of greater significance to women, with a booming cosmetic industry, majority of the fashion world, and the marketing of diet products and programs specifically targeting women.
The advertising involved targets young teenage women and features models that portray desirable items, and the “norm” is for these women to be slender and beautiful (Vonderen & Kinnally, 2012). Research has been done to prove that the media’s pressure on being thin causes women to be depressive and have negative feelings about themselves. Women’s views are skewed and perceived incorrectly of what the typical female body should be (Haas, Pawlow, Pettibone & Segrist, 2012). Body image for women has always been stressed for them to look a certain way and to try to obtain “physical perfection.” But due to the pressure on women to be this certain way, it is common for the mass media to be destructive to the young, impressionable girl.