The current theory of cognition and task performance is that there is one pool of cognitive resource that all cognitive tasks must draw from. Furthermore, this cognitive pool does not have an infinite supply of mental energy and when one operation is running, there is less resource for concurrent tasks. This can become problematic when ones job is to do multiple tasks at the same time. Related research maintains that physical exertion can drain the cognitive resource as well. It would be beneficial to know if physical exertion does in fact pool from the same resource as mental energy energy. Moreover, it might be the case that physical tasks do not pool from the same resource, yet still have an effect on cognition.
Literature Review
Cognitive researchers have investigated physical exertion, physical effort, and their relationships to cognitive abilities and performance. Because of the utility and applicability to military applications, the Department of Defense has funded much of the research. Moreover, military researchers on military bases have carried out many experiments, often with military members as participants.
According to research done by Tenenbaum, Lidor, Lavyan, Morrow, Tonnel, and Gershgoren (2005), a social-cognitive component exists in perseverance on physical tasks. According to the authors, there are variables that can explain the variance of perseverance, between subjects on a physical task. Through three experiments, the authors determined that the best predictors of perseverance on physical tasks are “perceived competence, confidence, and readiness to invest effort” (Tenenbaum et al, 2005, p. 139). Other important variables to perseverance included actual physical health, self-perceived health, and phys...
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The importance of strength training was collaborated along with task orientation in a study that consisted of 90 athletic males and 43 athletic females. According to the article, strength training has been one of most influential and beneficial aspects in initiating tasks in sports. In other words, task orientation was significantly high in terms of accomplishing and maintaining standardized, individualistic performance in sports. In fact, the study reveals that individuals high in task orientation tend to judge success as means of, giving absolute effort, performing to their best of ability, working together as team mates and taking pleasure in their sport; according to the participants who worked out in the strength training program. In similar terms, athletes with high task orientation demonstrated task oriented goals; in particular, undertake a new competence, as well as, bettering their original skill. The results proved that task orientation had considerate positive association with self-enhancing ego, and social acceptance. This correlates to the fact, that participants were more engaged to the sport with team collaboration, and mutual ability or skill with the sport. More importantly, the study revealed that 11 out of 15 athletes, who achieved a task elsewhere, used it as somewhat of a success from the improvement that they demonstrated in the weight training program. For instance, Casey, a hockey player, who flourished in task-orientation from weight training, noticed that physical training has made a big improvement in his success in other tasks. Likewise, Mandy, a basketball player, noticed her changes in playing has significantly altered from learning about squatting, and enhancing the techniques used for that particu...
One of the Army leader’s roles is to plan, assess, and prepare execution of daily training. The training that is carried out is based on tasks, conditions and standards. The Army training prepares Soldiers to always fight to the optimum level of operations. In fact, some of the crucial issues include versatile, lethal, agile, and survivable force. The mission is always challenging but Physical Readiness Training, or PRT, prepare the Soldiers to fulfil the mission regardless of the constraints of an operational environment. To achieve victory, Soldiers depend on their coordination, resiliency, strength, stamina, as well as agility to fight and win. The operation and fighting ground requires the best physical conditioning (Headquarters Department of the Army, 2012). In general perspective, Army Physical Readiness Training is accomplished in various chapters, which include approach, system, leadership, types of program, planning considerations, execution of training, preparation and recovery, strength and mobility activities, as well as endurance and mobility activities.
In the article, “Multitasking Can Make You Lose…Um…Focus,” Alina Tugend centralizes around the negative effects of multitasking. She shows that often with multitasking, people tend to lose focus, lack work quality, have an increase in stress, and in the end she gives a solution to all these problems. Tugend conveys her points by using understandable language, a clear division of subjects, and many reliable sources, making her article cogent.
Existing psychological literature on the aspects of resistance training provides some insight into areas of mental health and sport psychology (Stone, 2009). This includes psychological well-being, self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-worth. Additionally, the well-being of the players includes the mental and physical preparation for a season. Psychological skills that may serve athletes and others participating in resistance training includes: goal setting, relaxation, concentration, imagery, and ritualization (Ogilvie, 1995). The research in the areas of sports science has evolved over the past few years with the emergence of new techniques that help players train to improve performance. Upcoming studies in this area of sports science advocate the necessity of implementation of a sports program that focus on resistance training based on the sports program three metabolic pathways to improve anxiety and
sufficiently. They found that a person multitasking does not complete a task as well or any
Everyone knows that being fit is great for physical health, but did you know it also contributes to your cognitive state? Several studies have shown that fitter children do better in school compared to their not as fit peers. In a study done by “Frontiers in Human Neuroscience” they found that children that participate in regular physical activity do better in school. The study states, “Aerobic fitness plays an important role in brain health of children...Such that highly-fit children have been shown to outperform their lower-fit peers…” Recess
The age of overwhelming strength and stamina governing sports is over, and the age of the mentally tough athlete has arrived. Athletes are no longer the superficial jocks and robots programmed to accomplish one goal, victory. Modern athletes ranging from the high school to professional levels are faced with many pressures and temptations, normally outside the realm of their sport. These pressures can inhibit an athlete’s performance substantially; therefore, the pressures need to be dealt with by psychologists. The effectiveness of sports psychology is demonstrated through the fields many theories, applications, and variety of techniques and procedures.
This article discusses the distractions and effects of mutli-tasking and using our electronic devices constantly. "Multitasking is never a good idea if you really need to get something done" (p. 26). When we get a text message or look at our phones an addictive chemical called dopamine is released into our brains. Laptops, mobile devices, and interruptions hinder our learning and focus. Although technology can be very helpful, it has caused many negative situations such as car accidents, poor grades, and bullying.
Studies have been conducted to ascertain correlations between exercise and improvements in cognition. One such study compared the levels of physical activity and cognitive
When using slides, color contrast is another excellent way for a speaker to catch the audience’s attention! The C.R.A.P. design principles also can use shapes and symbols to convey a message. Visual elements using the four basic design principles are probably the most important pieces of information that should be carried through the presentation. Using visual elements, such as infographics, can contribute to how information can be remembered or memorized easiest by the audience. Images or infographics are great tools when promoting attention and retaining information. Images that are easy to comprehend, involve forming visual memories. They reinforce the process of memory recall and visual elements (Keogh,
Also, it suggests that there are other approaches to task completions depending on individual preference such as single-tasking. As indicated by the article, there is a need for further research to support the claims about multitasking. This makes me wonder if there are more factors that contribute to the ineffectiveness of multitasking aside from the conditions stated in the article. For instance, does one’s genetic play a role in one’s ability to multitask effectively. Also, I wonder why the article did not emphasize a very crucial factor for productivity which is time management. Aside from being efficient and accurate, I would believe an individual needs to make proper use of time to increase the gains of
Since athletics seems to be moving from being a pastime to a way of life for many in today's world, it is important that there is a means to improve performance. The corporate world has long been using psychological techniques to improve employee performance. It was only a matter of time before the athletic world adopted the same practices. Some people are skeptical about the validity of sport psychology, while others live by it. With sports producing hundreds of millions of dollars each year. It is important that athletes do everything that they can to improve the way that they play. Sport psychology is a valid, scientific way for athletes to do just that.
This research project was based on my hypotheses and trying to find out whether or not it is true or not. I used successful teams to help with the process. From the resources gathered, it remains clear to me that my hypotheses is true, but I do not have the information to back it up. However, past results state otherwise yet no clear evidence is available with the possible answer. The research approach involved qualitative research and the research technique was desktop research. Data analyze was used to show the impact mental toughness had on various sports.
More and more coaches, athletes, and athletic trainers are seeking the advice from an exercise psychology professional (Association for Applied Sport Psychology, 2011). Assume you have worked in the exercise psychology field for the past 15 years and have recently been asked to speak at a symposium regarding the changes and importance of this growing profession.
Fedewa, A. L., & Ahn, S. (2011). The effects of physical activity and physical fitness on children's achievement and cognitive outcomes: A meta-analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82(3), 521-35.