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breastfeeding benefits to mother and baby essay
child development and malnutrition outline essay
breastfeeding benefits to mother and baby essay
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Mother and child nutrition encompasses a vast array of meanings, depending on the country a mother resides. In sum, the goal is to get a mother and her child to an optimum state of health and nutrition to combat illnesses, sicknesses, and deficiencies that can arise and put the mother and child at risk pre, during, or post pregnancy.
Unfortunately, many developing countries lack the ability to provide quality care to its citizens and Jamaica is no exception. In Jamaica, common deficiencies are associated with mother and child nutrition, such as anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and iodine deficiency10.These deficiencies can also effect a mother before she has conceived and after her child has been born. The nutrition of mother and child can also be characterized separately.
According to the World Health Organization, a mother’s nutrition is characterized by moderate to severe thinness, being underweight, overweight, or obese10. Weight is measured by the values of the body mass index (BMI)10. BMI is a weight-to-height classification for adults10. It is defined as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in metres (kg/m2)10. A BMI of 18.5 and 24.9 would be considered normal weight for an adult10. Therefore, a body weight above or below the recommended average while pregnant could lead to serious complications for mother and child.
Anemia can also affect a mother during her pregnancy and is a worldwide problem in the developing world and the English-speaking Caribbean4, 6. WHO defines anemia in pregnant women as a haemoglobin concentration < 110 g/l at sea level10. It’s important to note that the Jamaican standards for anemia varies according to gestational weeks, while the WHO anemia standards for hemoglobin leve...
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...ernay, J., & Grantham-McGregor, S. (2004). Feasibility of integrating early stimulation into primary care for undernourished Jamaican children: Cluster randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 329(7457), 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.38132.503472.7C
Surkan, P. J., Kennedy, C. E., Hurley, K. M., & Black, M. M. (2011). Maternal depression and early childhood growth in developing countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 89(8), 607-605D. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471%2FBLT.11.088187
The United Nations Children’s Fund. (2003). Jamaica. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/jamaica_2166.html
World Health Organization. (2010). Country profile indicators: Interpretation guide. Nutrition Landscape Information System. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/nutrition/nlis_interpretation_guide.pdf
Nutrition is the process of consuming food and utilizing the nutrients from the food eaten (“Nutrition.”). It is very important to have enough nutrition for a growing teenager as it helps to develop and strengthen the bones along with growth and development (“Adolescent and School Health.”). Nutrition is very vital for the growing body as it helps prevent certain diseases and helps give the proper development and nourishment (HAGIKALFA). There are multiple nutrients that help maintain development and nutrition such as carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, and water. If there was a lack of nutrition in a growing teenager, the teenager will not be able to have enough nutrition to grow and they will be more prone to sickness and diseases (“Hunger and Malnutrition.”). A malnourished teenager will may end up having muscle weakness, fatigue, dizziness, fragile bones, tooth decay, and much more (“Hunger and Malnutrition.”).
Inadequate iron stores in the blood cause iron deficiency anemia. Iron is needed for the production of hemoglobin needed for red blood cells. Hemoglobin is important in the transport of oxygen to the body tissues. In the United States, 10-30% of the entire population suffers from iron deficiency anemia. Women are more likely to be anemic because of poor eating habits and blood loss during menstruation. Thus, many women enter pregnancy with reduced iron stores or some level of anemia. According to multiple studies on anemia and pregnancy o...
It utilized infants from birth to six months of age. Studies were excluded if the formula contained long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acids, if there were supplements to the mother or infants, if there was contamination of breast milk like lead and mercury, or if mother or child were sick at start or at an increased risk for disease. Convincing and probable evidence was found in favor of breastfeeding on several outcomes. Breastfeeding can decrease the growth and obesity in infants, help maintain normal blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels, and prevent diabetes in childhood. For each month a child was breastfed their BMI decreased and their odds of being obese were reduced by 8%. Breastfeeding was shown to have a small decrease in systolic blood pressure for children. Longer duration of breastfeeding may result in decreased likelihood of developing diabetes. Breastfeeding was also shown to protect infants from overall infections including gastrointestinal and respiratory tract
Nutrition and breastfeeding are essential parts of the nursing mother. It is essential because without it we would have a world with sick, underdeveloped, malnutritioned, and untrusting individuals. Fortunately breastfeeding gets rid of all these extremities. Feeding from the breast is something that protects not only the mother, but the baby too. There is nothing else in the world like it. Some nutrients in it are only found in a human body. What else could a mother ask for? All the diseases that are easily acquired by a defenseless organism of a baby are now stoppable because of the mother's natural resistant and supplier of necessary material. That resistant and material is breast milk.
"Maternal Depression Can Undermine the Development of Young Children." Center on the Developing Child. Harvard University, 2009. Web. 04 Apr. 2014.
There are many different kinds of effects that come from not consuming the right amount of the nutrients everyday. Receiving the right amount is key especially for children ages zero to three years old. Some physical effects in early-aged children is the inability to fully develop in growth and their ability to fight infections is very weak. Other physical conditions found in children are chronic health issues such as, asthma and Cystic Fibrosis, also many children find themselves needing to be hospitalized. Mental effects are taken into account as well, because many children experience behavioral consequences and challenges: Children also suffer from anxiety and aggression issues. Young children are not only people affected from lack of nutrients, but adults experience both physical and mental problems too. Adults are not as affected by not getting the accurate amount of nutrients, these ages unfortunately do not get to live a...
...ht of an infant it can be seen that the birth weight is a most important factor for their life. As nutrition students we have to provide correct information to pregnant mothers to overcome this huge problem. Women who are expecting for pregnancy must take folate supplement before 2 months when they get pregnant. Also pregnant mother need high content of iron as well as calcium as micro nutrients. Therefore they will have to consume some more green leafy vegetables, fruits as well as milk which is a rich source of calcium.
There are many causes affect to the LBW, one of that is deficiency of micronutrients of pregnant women. Micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals are essential elements for normal body function and growth. During pregnancy, nutrient requirement is increased when developing the fetal, placenta and also important to maternal growth. The impact of micronutrients deficiency on pregnancy is associated with increased maternal morbidity and mortality, abortion, low b...
For as long as we can remember, many people have been experiencing hardships and worries, with little to no income being one of the largest. In the U.S there are a few programs that can help populations facing these difficulties obtain imperitive things they need. One of these benificial programs is WIC. WIC stands for Women, Infants and Children; and is a special supplemental nutrition program that targets nutritionally at risk mothers infants and children, due to low income. The program helps aid families in the effort to provide nutritious foods, information and counseling on healthy eating, and to provide referrels to other healthcare and government benifit programs like welfare and social services. (Food and Nutrition service, 2013)
A healthy diet is very important because the deficiency of some nutrients can cause various adverse effects for both, mother and the fetus. It is know that the mother and the baby compete for the same nutrients and calories, and for this reason it is necessary that mothers have a balanced diet of nutrients for you and your baby. Most nutritional and metabolic needs can be met by eating a balanced daily diet containing approximately 35 kcal for each kilogram of optimal body weight plus an additional 300 kcal/day during the second and third trimesters. An inadequate diet can cause impaired growth of the fetus and it may be born too small and even underweight. Thus to be nourished properly makes the pregnant woman has a healthy life and to develop less risk of suffering premature deliveries, giving birth to more babies healthy. In addition some changes that occur during the pregnancy such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, hemorrhoids, heartburn and swelling can also be minimized with a proper diet.
Prenatal care also includes many types of secondary prevention methods for expecting mothers. Keeping records of an expecting mother’s weight and blood pressure throughout pregnancy to make sure they are within the recommended range helps catch issues early. The expecting mother can have her blood tested to check for certain genetic markers that would detect certain diseases in the fetus to include, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and tay-sachs disease (Kirkham, Harris, & ...
Iron is a mineral that is found the in hemoglobin of the Red Blood Cells. It facilitates in the transport of oxygen all over the body. Without this mineral, oxygen cannot be carried to its full capacity. 1 out of 10 women and small children have iron deficiencies. Lacking iron causes lethargy and a weakened immune system. Children who do not have an adequate intake of iron put themselves at risk for intellectual developmental problems. However, an iron deficient person is not necessarily anemic. 7.8 million women are iron deficient, while only 3.3 million women are anemic (http://www.mayohealth.org/mayo/9704/iron_def.htm). When the deficiency becomes so severe that the circulating Red Blood Count and the minerals Ht, Hg, and Hem drop below normal, anemia occurs (See Figure 1). The hormone androgen causes men and women to have different normal values of the hemogram (http://www.medstudents.com.br/hemat/hemat4.htm). Low ferritin (iron storage molecule) and high TIBC (tota...
A child’s proper growth depends greatly on their nutrition and health. A healthy diet is essential to the developing child. Food should never be used to reward, punish, or bribe a child. Instead children should have three healthy meals with snacks in between. It is also important for children to have good self care behaviors (including bathing, washing hands, brushing teeth), and adequate sleep.
Malnutrition impacts the development of a fetus into a young child because it has a harmful effect on their cognitive development as the child becomes older. Malnutrition can be defined as lacking proper nutritional value and not eating enough food which is needed for a body to function properly. I believe malnutrition of a fetus, eventually born into a child, will indefinitely make a negative impact on a child’s life mainly due to not receiving the right nutrients and supplements needed to develop an optimally functioning brain and build a healthy structured body.
Proper nutrition is one of the most essential elements to being healthy and living a long life. People deal with food every day, and food has been a part of life since the beginning of civilization. What we eat becomes our diet, and our diet plays a major role in deciding how healthy we are and how well our body functions. Without proper diet, our body cannot carry out the functions it needs to perform. Most people have some common knowledge on what is good and what is bad for the human body to consume. Fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains are some common items people think of when they think of healthy foods. However, it is not enough just to know what foods are good for your body, it is also important to understand why certain foods are good for you and what they do to help the body function.