The highly diverse forest habitat in Borneo is an important factor that contributes to the rich faunas. These habitats support many species of animals including bat which is among the most highly diverse group of animals. Due to the constant climate and continuous rainfall throughout the year, the vegetations are always in productive condition and provide unlimited food sources for the animals. Different types of habitats provide different food availability and variety for the bats.
In this study, the five populations of H. cervinus can be distinguished by their dental length (DL) and ear length (EL). Dentition and dental play important role in the ecology and feeding behavior of bats. Phillips (2000) claimed that dentition and dental are still important to modern bat systematists. The dentition affects the selection of food items and diet preferences. Different diet will affects the growth rate and body size of the animals. Same species from different population might show variation in terms of their morphology. The dental features are very important when considering the food, in terms of hardness, softness and brittleness (Phillip, 2000).
Dietary preferences can lead to variations in dental morphology between different populations due to the adaption process. Tingga (2010) found that the lower jaw can be used to discriminate seven populations of A. aequalis in Sabah and Sarawak. A study conducted by Rahman and Abdullah (2010) on P. lucasi found that dental length is one of the characters that can be used to distinguish the female from three different populations.
Dental length affects the degree of mouth opening (gape angle). According to Dumont and Herrel (2003), gape angle and the location along the tooth row at whi...
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...l variation in bats can be not so obvious because of their ability to fly over the geographical barriers. A study conducted by Kitchener et al. (1993) also found that the population of Aethalops alecto from Bali, Lombok, Java and Borneo shared enough migrants to prevent any substantial genetic differentiation.
In this study, Niah population was almost similar to Bako population and this is incongruent with the study conducted by Paul (2007). The population study of H. cervinus conducted by Paul (2007) based on partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene showed that the species can be divided into three clades, namely, Semporna population, Niah-Poring populations and Bau-Kubah populations. Paul (2007) suggested that the groups may have experience allopatric speciation during the Pleistocene glaciations that restricted the gene flow among populations.
The Web. 07 Mar. 2012. The. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDPxRoymy5w>. White Nose Syndrome in Bats. Web. The Web.
They are also know as mouse-eared bats. The little brown bats being one of the most common bat species in most of the United States and Canada have many interesting and unique characteristics that set them far apart from other animals. Unfortunately, with a disease called white-nose syndrome bat populations have been on the decline. With the species being threatened it is even more important to fully understand the little brown bat and all of its habits and characteristics.
The first goal was to accumulate the molecular phylogeny data for seahorses using the cytochrome b gene sequence information (S.P. Casey et al, 2004). In this particular study, the cytochrome b gene was used to investigate whether or not the Hippocampus was indeed pre-Tethyan in origin and to illuminate the relationship between Indo-Pacific and Atlantic seahorse species. Molecular markers like the cytochrome b gene were used to survey dispersal of seahorse species and to temporally define the evolutionary processes since much of the seahorse fossil record is deficient (Lourie et al.,
Tooth surfaces are referred to by various names in dentistry, including mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual. If you drew a midline t...
Facts About Lousiville Slugger Wooden Bats (2007, May 1). In sluggermuseum.com. Retrieved March 19, 2014, from http://www.sluggermuseum.com/workspace/uploads/facts-ls-wood-bats_7_9.pdf
...re key factors in the high rate of speciation. These conclusions are derived from the lack of correlation of phenotypic evolution with distance and differences in habitat. Instead, random individual dispersal creates frequent genetic bottlenecks. The observation that phenotypic variability decreases with increasing cave age challenges the traditional founder-effect concept, which claims that genetic variability increases with a growing population. The observation is more consistent with the founder-flush concept. However, the data has led to new questions regarding the factors that play into evolution, specifically the reaction between population density and stochastic events. Further investigation of the role that frequently replicating small founder populations plays in the generation of new species will increase knowledge of the complicated process of speciation.
One characteristic that is evident in all primate species is home ranges (Boyd 123). It can be assumed that the home range for Praenthropus dimorphicus is relatively large. My reasoning behind this statement is the fact that body size is directly correlated to size of the home range. The larger the sp...
Australopithecus afarensis existed between 3.9 and 3.0 million years ago. The distinctive characteristics of A. afarensis were: a low forehead, a bony ridge over the eyes, a flat nose, no chin, more humanlike teeth, pelvis and leg bones resembled those of modern man. Females were smaller than males. Their sexual dimorphism was males:females; 1.5. A. afarensis was not as sexually dimorphic as gorillas, but more sexually dimorphic than humans or chimpanzees. A lot of scientists think that Australopithecus afarensis was partially adapted to climbing the trees, because the fingers and toe bones of the species were curved and longer than the ones of the modern human.
Knowing the diet of extant primate taxon opens up the possibility of predicting a good deal about its morphology and natural history. Morphology and natural history of extant primates is also important in making accurate inferences regarding their dentition and diet. However, when it comes to extinct primate taxon making dentition and dietary inferences are challenging and the evidence available is indirect (Cuozzo, 2008). The purpose of this research is to address the inferences that can be made about dentition and diet of extinct great apes from the Miocene by looking at dentition and diet of extant great apes including the bonobo, chimpanzee and gorilla. These diverse groups of vanished Miocene apes first existed millions of years ago and later diversified into various forms before they became extinct around 1.4 million years ago (Teaford, 2002).
Outline the physical similarities between the (Blaptica dubia) cockroach and the cricket. Explain previous studies on physical stress in the cricket and in different species of cockroaches. Briefly discuss how the metabolic rate between the two species has been found to be very similar.
My research strives to answer the presence and degree of interbreeding between Neanderthal and Modern humans. Researchers use different comparisons of the fossil record, phylogenetic, morphological, and genetic methods to explore these questions in more detail. The literature provided many positive correlations to my hypothesis that Neandertals and Modern Humans interbred on a small-scale basis after the dispersal of modern humans from Africa. The literature also predicts a time frame of likely interbreeding. To explore this question it is important to research article’s explaining the statistical, genetic, and physical evidence associated with possible interbreeding.
All primates have essentially the same kinds of specialized mammalian teeth adapted to eating a wide variety of foods. Beginning at the front, each quadrant of the mouth has 2 incisors, 1 canine, and varying numbers of premolars and molars. The incisors are used like scissors for nipping off pieces of food. The pointed canines are for piercing and tearing. The premolars and molars, with their cusps, are used to grind and smash food. In platyrrhine species, there are 3 premolars and 2 or 3 molars. This results in a dental formula of 2.1.3.2 or 2.1.3.3. In contrast, all of the catarrhines have 2 premolars and 3 molars, making a dental formula of 2.1.2.3. The chimpanzee shown below is an Old World anthropoid species and, therefore, has a catarrhine dental formula.
Strait, David S. "The Feeding Biomechanics and Dietary Ecology of Australopithecus Africanus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 12 Dec. 2008. Web. 19 Nov. 2015. .
First of all, bats should be protected because they are a big part in ecosystems. According to the book “We Need Bats” by Heather Niver, they help pollinate and plant plants. “People can use bat scat to help plants grow.” (Niver, 9). “Guano is natural and safe to use than other chemicals.” (Niver, 9). Guano and scat mean poop. This means that bat scat
Darwin’s observations from the islands made him want to come up with some explanation to why this occurred. He began to do research of each the species that had lived on these islands and observe all of the characteristics that had. He noticed that the islands h...