Any type of pain that incapacitates one from doing everyday tasks can be debilitating to the body and self. According to the Migraine Research Foundation, migraines are ranked to be in the world’s top twenty most disabling medical illnesses (n.d.). “Migraines have been estimated to affect 8.7 million women and 2.6 million men in the United States at an estimated cost of 6.5 to 17.2 billion dollars a year” (Kinart, Cuppett, & Berg, 2002). Many doctors cannot pinpoint the cause of migraines in any particular individual because of chemical differences in all of us, but they have come up with certain facts that have helped some. This paper demonstrates a brief history of migraines, the symptoms of this disorder, what happens in the central nervous system, treatment for this disorder and finally a summation.
History
The American Heritage® Stedman’s Medical Dictionary defines migraine as, “A severe recurring headache, usually affecting only one side of the head, that is characterized by sharp pain and is often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances. Also called hemicrania, megrim, [and] sick headach” (n.d.). Migraine is a French word which came from the Latin word hemicrania and a more commonly used word hemicranium after a series of changes from the Medieval Latin of the following words hemigranea, hemigrania, migranea, migrana; these Latin terms were borrowed from the Greek word hemicrania to begin with (Lardreau, 2012). Migraines were once considered to be a pain caused by the constriction or expansion of blood vessels, but now new research has made it evident that it could be neurogenic and they are dependent on signals from the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve delivers sensation to most of the head inclu...
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...ed from website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/migraine
Migraine Research Foundation. (n.d.). Migraine Fact Sheet. Retrieved from website: http://www.migraineresearchfoundation.org/fact-sheet.html Papadakis, M., McPhee, S. & Rabow, M. (2013). Current medical diagnosis & treatment 2013.
New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
Tepper, S (2004). Understanding Migraine and Other Headaches. Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi.
Thoms, S. (2012, June 11). It's time headache disorders get respect, and research dollars, neurologist says. Retrieved from website: http://www.mlive.com/health/index.ssf/2012/06/its_about_time_headache_disord.html Trigeminovascular System. (n.d.). Encyclo Online Encyclopedia. Retrived from website: http://www.encyclo.co.uk/define/Trigeminovascular%20system Werner, R. (2013). What a Headache!. Massage & Bodywork, 28(6), 44-47.
The brand name is Lexapro, but is known generically as Escitalopram. Lexapro is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (Escitalopram, 2011). Lexapro is used to treat: acute and maintenance treatment of Major Depressive Disorder and Acute Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Forest Pharmaceuticals, 2012). Lexapro can treat adults for both MDD and GAD. Lexapro is not FDA-indicted to treat adolescent with GAD, but is approved for adolescents (aged 12-17) with MDD. There are no street names for Lexapro, and stated by Forest Pharmaceuticals, animal studies suggest that abuse danger of this drug is low
and they were different from most headaches he had in the past. He would forget things, and then forget more often. He said he had a vague feeling that something just wasn’t right. One day he had a seizure while he was at work.
When it comes to history of hyperhidrosis, it is very important to emphasize on the pattern of sweating (location, duration, frequency, volume, symmetry, specific triggers, and nocturnal sweating). These factors are all important. Besides, age of onset, impact on quality of life, family history and secondary etiology are also necessary. The proper diagnostic and treatment procedures of primary focal hyperhidrosis requires that the disorder should be diagnosed when
Have you ever wondered why when you stub your toe on the chair in the living room, it helps tremendously to yell out an expletive or two and vigorously rub the area? I may not be able to discuss the basis for such language in this paper, but we will explore the analgesic response to rubbing that toe, in addition to the mechanism of pain and alternative treatments such as acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
Jane did explain that since the history of migraine headache had been going on for years it was going to take a while prior to seen any results but it was going to take some lifestyle changes other than the acupuncture to achieve the goal. The author left the office in a great note. Unable to gauge the results of the treatment yet but with a hopeful outlook for the future.
They are the definition of a migraine, probable causes of a migraine, and several treatment options for a
This type of pain is classified as nociceptive pain or the normal pain process. It involves four processes that occur continuously: transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation. Neuropathic pain is not as easily understood because it involves damage and dysfunction of nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and/or the central nervous system (CNS) (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2016). Most patients describe neuropathic type pain as burning, stabbing, shooting, and/or a feeling pins and needles (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2016). This type of pain is hard to treat because of the subjective nature of pain and not all the causes of neuropathic pain are understood. This paper is a review of pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of neuropathic pain management. Three articles were found on this subject and summarized to inform its readers on recent research conducted within the last five years. The first article reviewed was a research study to determine strategies patient’s implemented in order to cope with
What is customer service and how does it connect to the soft skills needed to be a pharmacy technician? The topic of customer service has been covered extensively the past couple of weeks, and my perception of it now is extremely different than my perception of it when i started this course. Not only will i talk about my newfound knowledge of customer service in this paper and one the soft skills required to be the best employee possible, but i will also talk about how these two things relate to having the job of being a pharmacy technician.
... for every pharmacist. This ratio dictates that pharmacists can not oversee every aspect of technicians’ jobs. It is this singular fact that very few people realize. The pharmacy technician who receives no formal training is responsible for not just the delivery of a patient’s medication, but also for their bill, their confidential information, and their life. The question now is, how can an uneducated individual be given so much responsibility? Technicians are granted these responsibilities because a pharmacist can not do the job alone. Pharmacists strive to mold each new technician into an employee that will realize what technicians really do. Pharmacists and technicians provide patients with safe and accurate medication in a timely manner. This is not a task for pharmacists or technicians alone; it is task that requires both personnel in order to be accomplished.
Customer-service skills. Pharmacy technicians spend much of their time interacting with customers, so being helpful and polite are required of pharmacy technicians in a retail setting.
Pharmacists are highly educated in the form, uses, and interactions of certain medicines and also in how those medicines affect normal body functions. They keep thorough patient medication records, which contain important health information. Pharmacy technicians give advice to patients on the proper use of medications, and they also are important sources of information to physicians and other health care providers.
In the world of pharmacy, it has become increasingly common for the technicians and assistants who are minding the store. Pharmacy technicians are the people who help the patients in different ways. The roles of a pharmacy technician have changed so much over the years (Saffer 34). In the past, a pharmacy technician is primary job was to fill prescription. However, now they have several responsibilities dealing with comparing and selling prescriptions to the patients. Pharmacy technicians have the opportunity to specialize in different areas of healthcare, such as advising patients about the importance of a healthy lifestyle and better living.
"An aspirin a day keeps the doctor away." Although this saying can be true, it is not only aspirin that can cure the pains of life, but also several other types of analgesics. There are a wide variety of analgesics. More commonly known as painkillers. The narcotic analgesics act on the central nervous system and change the user's perception; they are more often used for severe pain and can make the user develop an addiction. The nonnarcotic analgesics, known as over the counter or OTC, work at the site of the pain. These do not create tolerance or dependence and do not vary the user's perception. OTC's are more commonly used everyday to treat mild pain.
Modern medicine has eradicated diseases such as smallpox, polio, and malaria in many parts of the world, preventing many deaths. Yet, with many emerging alternative practices, the American society is slowly becoming more reliant on alternative medicines with little scientific evidence. However, one alternative practice, homeopathy, is slowly becoming accepted by many physicians. Now that homeopathy is sanctioned by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA), many physicians and scientists believe that this practice is as effective as allopathic medicine. Even with the acceptance by the FDA, there are still low amounts of prescription medicine based on homeopathy and many homeopathic remedies are not used in hospitals. This creates a question: If many physicians suggest the use of homeopathic medicines, does that actually mean it works; can they be equivalently compared to allopathic medicines? Although homeopathic medicines are considered as alternative medicines, approval by the Federal Drug Administration allows homeopathic medicine to be used in equivalence to over-the-counter allopathic medicine.