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the rise and fall of mass transit summary
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Introduction
The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) is one of the largest transit systems in the United States. It is the ninth largest system, transporting over 550,000 passengers daily. MARTA provides bus and rapid rail service to the most of the metropolitan area of Atlanta. The transit agency was established in 1971 with the passage of an authorizing referendum by voters in Fulton and DeKalb counties and the city of Atlanta. MARTA is a public authority that operates under Georgia law. The agency is governed by a board of directors with representation from several counties including Fulton, DeKalb, Clayton, and Gwinnett as well as the city of Atlanta. MARTA has approximately 4,500 employees. The majority of MARTA's operating revenues come from fares and a sales tax from customers. MARTA is a part of a regional solution to transportation and they are working across the region with the community and agency partners to create social value for society. MARTA ensures customers, employees and the general public with a safe and secure accessibility to meet and engage. The security can be attributed to a very large police department that utilizes innovative law enforcement tools to prevent criminal activities. MARTA also has an active role in social and environmental sustainability. They have programs such as using natural compressed natural gas buses which is better for the environment. MARTA also uses solar canopy installation; in fact it has the largest in the state of Georgia and the second largest in the United States. MARTA provides economic benefits to the state and national economy. The University of Georgia conducted a study and concluded that MARTA is responsible for about 2.6 billio...
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...). "MARTA over-reporting its crimes, legislative audit finds". The Atlanta Journal.
Donskey, Paul; Daniels, Cynthia (February 9, 2007). "MARTA: HOW SAFE? Transit system officials defend security, cite low crime totals, despite a few high-profile incidents". Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
"MARTA Police: Crime Stats". Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
Firestone, David (April 8, 2002). "Overcoming a Taboo, Buses Will Now Serve Suburban Atlanta". The New York Times. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
Visser, Steve (January 11, 2008). "MARTA blames brakes and weak motor for escalator accidents". Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Ippolito, Milo (December 5, 2001). "MARTA pays $10.5 million in workers' deaths". Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Kim, Lilian (June 2, 1996). "MARTA officials say accident a 'fluke'". Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Hartsfield –Jackson Atlanta International Airport (n.d.). Case Study. Atlanta Metropolitan Aviation Capacity Study Phase II. Retrieved from
The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) is not the best method of transportation in the city of Toronto, because it’s unreliable, inconvenient, and unsanitary. First of all, the TTC is unreliable because of many delays. The TTC buses often come late and there are many subway breakdowns and signal problems. These problems can cause longer wait times and result in the rider being late. Additionally, the TTC is inconvenient because it is difficult for the rider to get to his or her destination without a few transfers. In addition, there are very few direct routes and limited area coverage. For example, there are some areas where passengers have to walk long distances just to get to the bus stop. These problems can result in many transfers and cause
After careful consideration I relate more to Dr. Davis M. Buss, known for his evolutionary research on human sex differences in mate selection. Sex differences. Buss posits that men and women have faced different adaptive challenges throughout human history, which shape behavioral difference in males and females today. Example women have to carry the child for nine months and then make it though delivery. Men during pregnancy have thoughts of paternity and having as many children as possible. He also focused on short and long term mating strategies, male and female preference, deception, love, jealousy, and a host of other topics that deal hand and hand with relationships and relationship disputes. I Personally, relate to these theories because
A transportation network must be judged for its cost-effectiveness. The American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) in 1952 made its tenet, "that a profit should be returned on an investment applies as well to highway projects as to general business ventures."2 Cost-effectiveness includes safety, ease of use, and flexibility in the eyes of both the local government and individual users. Unfortunately, "little or no supporting evidence"3 exists and few studies compared the systems. Since no monetary value can be placed on human life, comparisons of safety are even fewer and less thorough. A simple account of accident records, however, is a good judge of safety. Studies of system costs, ont the other hand, are purely monetary and more frequent. From the operator's standpoint, costs break down to overhead and construction, maintenance of cars and lines, operation costs, and profits. From the users' standpoint the only cost is the fare.
Atlanta is the capital and largest city in Georgia, with a population of 472,522, and one of the fastest growing major cities in the United States.1 Originally, known as a railroad settlement, it was founded in 1837 as the end of the Western & Atlantic railroad line ( the name changed from Marthasville to Terminus, to finally Atlanta, the feminine of Atlantic). 10 In 1861, became one of the 11 states seceding from the Union over the issue of slavery.11 It was also the home front during the Civil War and a major producer of war materials, and the regional transportation and distribution center.11 Post-war, due to railroads, Atlanta continued to economically grow and diversify, along with its population.11 A large number of African-Americans were drawn to this booming city due to its opportunities for education and employment.11 By 1900, more than 40% of the total population comprised of Black/African-Americans.11 As Atlanta’s population grew, so did the racial tensions.11 Several riots broke off during the 1900’s, including the reemergence and formation of Ku Klux Klan headquarters in Atlanta.11Today, the city remains a transportation hub for the nation and the world, with the world’s busiest airport, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport.10 The city is considered a banking center and has the third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the nation.10
The Department of Transportation released a report analyzing three different surveys and studies taken in 2011 and 2012. They found that, at any giv...
Bowles, Scott and Fred Bayles. "Buses, Trains very hard to safeguard." USA Today October 2001: 20-22
The parcel service industry is dominated by four carriers that make up 95 percent of the industries domestic revenue. Over the years, the industry has had an increase growth rate over time and an increased role in the economy. This is due to the way manufacturing companies are now operating. With the growth of the parcel service ...
Northeast Ohio refers to the northeastern region of the U.S. state of Ohio and consists of six metropolitan statistical areas and eighteen counties. The region is home to more than 4.3 million people and has three primary airports: Cleveland Hopkins International Airport; Akron-Canton Regional Airport; and Youngstown-Warren Regional Airport. Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, located 12 miles from downtown Cleveland and within 500 miles of 43% of the U.S. population, is currently the busiest airport in the state of Ohio and the 41st busiest airport in the United States. With an average of 240 daily nonstop departures, the airport serves over 70 destinations (some on a seasonal basis) and more than 9 million passengers annually, divided almost equally between business and leisure travelers. Currently, Cleveland Hopkins International Airport does not offer any intercontinental service. The
A policy to expand mass transit, via MARTA bus and rail system, would increase the convenience of public transportation and effectively serve as an alternative option for driving. An expansion of toll and express lanes is a potential policy for Atlanta which utilizes a market based approach and generates income for the city. The gasoline tax policy is aimed at incentivizing metropolitan citizens to drive less due to an increased cost of gas, effectively
Atlanta, capital city of Georgia, is s highly populated metropolitan area in the United States. It is placed ninth among the top ten largest metropolitan areas. The booming economy of Atlanta has made it home for many industries and companies. Major Universities like Georgia State University and Georgia Institute of Technology is situated at the heart of this city. But recently Atlanta has been facing with major challenges regarding transportation management, public health, lack of Pedestrian Street, no green space, pollution, and crowdedness. The most prominent issue of the city is traffic congestion and sprawl. When I look at these various issues, I find Atlanta to be less desirable for one to live. But when I look at the positive sides of Atlanta, people would love to live here. It is economically developed and prosperous city. In fact Atlanta has been declared as Alpha or world city as economically it ranks 15th among the world cities and sixth in the United States. There are lots of attractions in Atlanta and it is the home of the giant corporation Coca Cola Co. In order to make Atlanta a better city to live there must be some changes and affirmative actions taken by local and state government to make changes in near future.
Public transportation is an essential part of a city. A good public transit can encourage a city’s economic activities and can provide its citizen a convenient life. Does our Phoenix public transit work well? Does it provide sufficient service to the citizen? From my experience, the answer is no. This November I tried to attend the popular State Fair in Phoenix. However, I found that there were not any buses or metros could take me to the fair directly. It means I need 2 hours or more spend on the public transits. As the sixth most populous city nationwide (“Phoenix Quick Fact” 1), compared with Los Angeles and other big cities in America, Phoenix’s public transportation is indeed subpar. Due to Los Angeles has 154 bus lines and 30 metros (“Schedule”), New York has 316 bus lines and 28 subways(“Maps & Timetables”), while Phoenix only has 98 bus lines, and the number of metro line is only one! (“Route Schedules & Maps”) The problem is
Most people take the urban public transportation system for granted. It is used in every aspect of our daily lives: work, education, medical necessities, recreation, etc. It is also important for the transportation of goods and services, which aids the growth and maintenance of our economy. Urban public transportation is the critical component of our quality of life and economic stability. The MBTA, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, is Boston and Eastern Massachusetts’s major transportation service. The MBTA has played a central role in the development of Boston and surrounding cities and towns for more than a century; providing service from 175 cities and towns into Boston. On an average weekday over 1.2 million trips are made on the subway, buses, commuter lines and other services in the mass transit system. With an international airport, a ship port, the highways, and the rail lines to connect regional cities and towns to national and international destinations and markets, Boston’s urban public transportation system has made the region’s growing role in the global economy possible.
Engineers design, build or maintain applications and systems to solve various societal problems. Their behaviors thus have a non-negligible impact on human development. Oftentimes, however, engineers are faced with the dilemma to choose between compromising their code of ethics and threatening their promising careers. It is important that engineers deem public welfare as a supreme concern and stand their ground so that they will report any observed situations that potentially can harm public safety to their superiors. The Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) case study is a good example of engineers being responsible with society in that they attempted multiple times to inform their supervisors in management about their concerns with the possible imminent system failure of BART. Even though their voices were ignored and they were fired by the company in the end, they made the passengers realize the probable dangers underneath this regional rail service. Consequently, on October 2nd, 1972, as a result of Automatic Train Control (ATC) failure, a BART train overshot the station at Fremont and wounded several people. In order to prevent these tragic accidents from happening, the BART case needs to be further examined for deeper understanding of the problem. This paper will use deontological ethical framework to address the cause of BART train system failure and recommend feasible plans to avert similar tragedies from occurring in the future to BART employees. Therefore, not only engineers, but also managers and board of directors should be educated about ethics and should be familiar with basic technical knowledge regarding their business.
Toronto is sometimes called “the city that works” . Toronto has a well-developed transportation system, which includes numerous highways, a well-planned road system, and a superb transit system, the TTC. The TTC (Toronto Transit Commission), has 1,701 buses, 248 streetcars, 640 subway cars, 146 wheelchair transit buses, 66 stations, 8,491 employees, and is the second largest transit system in North America. Toronto has many highways, such as the 400 series highways (400, 401, etc.