RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
This section intends to provide an understanding of the methodology that was used to conduct the present study, the methodological processes that were followed, to meet the aim and objectives. It also focused on a quantitative methodological approach which is pre and post experimental design. It also discusses the population and sample of the study, as well as the data collection instruments. This was followed by the data collection procedure and how the data was analysed. Reliability and validity are important to ensure that the data collection instruments provide accurate indications of the variables under study; Finally, the researcher identified the measures to be taken to ensure ethical practices
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Within the quantitative paradigm, the researcher uses strategies of inquiry, such as experiments and surveys, to yield statistical data (Laura & James, 2013), This data is collected on predetermined instruments …show more content…
Jones (2014) considers experimental design as a design which takes a sample from a population and data is collected generally from questionnaires. With experimental research, the researcher has a very high level of control over their variables. By isolating and determining what they are looking for, they have a great advantage in finding accurate results(Denzin & Lincoln,2013). pre and post designs refer to the measurement of the learning received during the research; as a result of comparing what the researcher knew before in a pre-test and after what the researcher experience in a post-test(Creswell, 2013).Pre and post experimental Design is a method of research in the social sciences in which a controlled experimental factor is subjected to special treatment for purposes of comparison with a factor kept constant (Louis, Lawrence, & Keith, 2011). pre and post design focuses on two variables being measured on the same sample (Hegde, 2015). With pre and post experimental design, the researcher measures existing variables, such as SRHR and young men. pre and post studies are able to study differences across individuals, at the same time.
I. Jackson (2012), Even-numbered chapter exercises, p. 360. 2. What is the difference between a.. The recommended design for this type of study is a non-equivalent control group post-test only design. 4.
In response to the question set, I will go into detail of the study, consisting of the background, main hypotheses, as well the aims, procedure and results gathered from the study; explaining the four research methods chosen to investigate, furthering into the three methods actually tested.
Identify the chosen research method (experimental, survey, observation or correlational research) and if appropriate, the design used. (1 mark) I am using a lab experiment as my research method. I am using an independent groups design. PB4: Identify the advantages(s) and disadvantage(s) of the chosen research method. (2 marks)
In order to have a successful, reliable experiment you need sufficient data and evidence, reliable research, variables to test and a follow – up experiment. There are several types of variables you need to do an experiment. An independent variable is the manipulated experimental factor that is changed to see what the effects are. A dependent variable is the outcome. This factor can change in an experiment in reaction to the changes in the independent variable. An experimental group is the group of participants that are exposed to the change that the independent variable represents. The control group is participants who are treated in the same way as the experimental group except for the manipulated factor which is the independent variable (King 24). Proper data, evidence and research is also needed so the experiment turns out correctly and you know what you are testing. A follow – up experiment is not required, however it helps the validity of the conclusion of the experiment. Validity is “the soundness of the conclusions that a researcher draws from an experiment” (King 25). Conducting a follow – up experiment will help researchers and people alike see if the experiment worked properly, continues to help people and see how participants are doing after the experiment is over.
The experimental design of the research involves the organization of an experiment to effectively test the study’s hypothesis. In addition, it involves setting up proper manipulations and measurements of an experiment. To test this specific hypothesis, the researcher will need significant resources, such as direct scanners, to test and analyze the variables. The variables in the study will include the plasticity of the human brain during different life stages and the age differences between individuals. The experimental design includes independent and dependent variables, which the researcher will thoroughly test and
...the undergrads to read a methodology section from the previously mentioned study several days earlier before initiating the baseline data collections. Additionally, written descriptions and outlines of the assessment were read. The participants then collected the baseline data. Afterword, a quiz and feedback were given and a second baseline was conducted.
The authors of this article have outlined the purpose, aims, and objectives of the study. It also provides the methods used which is quantitative approach to collect the data, the results, conclusion of the study. It is important that the author should present the essential components of the study in the abstract because the abstract may be the only section that is read by readers to decide if the study is useful or not or to continue reading (Coughlan, Cronin, and Ryan, 2007; Ingham-Broomfield, 2008 p.104; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380).
For everything that occurs, there will somehow be something that caused the action to happen. It is more of a cause and effect ideal or simple a reaction to an action. In terms of research academics, independent and dependent variables are concepts or attributes to certain things that occur such as drug use, crime, or domestic abuse. For example, stress or other personal problems may lead to someone to use drugs. Also, poverty may lead someone to commit crime. In addition, a power controlled individual may cause a partnership to suffer physical or verbal abuse.
Longitudinal design validity is also dependent upon using set time intervals that make sense with the research being performed. This study does not say explicitly express how intervals for MI instruction were chosen. Furthermore, the study does not explain why or how intervals for pre and post assessments were decided. This is important because past research may have told how long it takes for MI to be successful and at what intervals it needs to be performed in order to yield the best outcomes for participants. This data may have changed the length of the study or the time intervals and potentially changed results.
This essay is going to critically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using surveys and questionnaires as a method of Socio-Legal research. When conducting socio-legal research, a number of methods can be used to collect useful information.
On the other hand, Quantitative research refers to “variance theory” where quantity describes the research in terms of statistical relationships between different variables (Maxwell, 2013). Quantitative research answers the questions “how much” or “how many?” Quantitative research is an objective, deductive process and is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables with generalized results from a larger sample population. Much more structured than qualitative research, quantitative data collection methods include various forms of surveys, personal interviews and telephone interviews, polls, and systematic observations. Methods can be considered “cookie cutter” with a predetermined starting point and a fixed sequence of
Quantitative research is the oldest form of research; it is incredibly formal, stemming from positivism paradigm, or the outside looking in approach. The method is about trying to establish cause and affect relationships between variables. This method can be considered non biased as the researcher isn’t us...
The design of a study defines the study type (descriptive, correlational, semi-experimental, experimental, review, meta-analytic) and sub-type (e.g., descriptive-longitudinal case study), research problem, hypotheses, independent (IVs) and dependent variables (DVs), experimental design, and, if applicable, data collection methods and a statistical analysis plan. Research design is the framework that has been created to find answers to research
Qualitative and Quantitative study designs both can be beneficial in research design. They both provide valuable options for researchers in the field. These techniques can either be used separately in a research study or they can be combined to achieve maximum information. This paper will define the terms qualitative and quantitative; describe the similarities and differences between each; discuss how qualitative and/or quantitative research designs or techniques could be used in the evaluation of my proposed research; and discuss why linking analysis to study design is important.
This paper will exam aspects of correlational design. According to Fabiano-Smith (2011), correlational designs are non-experimental research designs that focus on observing variables as they naturally exist. Since this design type is non-experimental, one of its major disadvantages is the focus on the relationship of the variables and not is cause and effect between the variables. Despite this weakness, correlational design does have several strengths. It observes the variables as they occur in a natural setting without manipulation. Researchers often use the initial establishment of correlational relationships between variables to identify what variables should be further studied for cause and effect utilizing experimental designs.