Menopause Is the Most Striking Event in a Woman's Life

1743 Words4 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: case study involving women and osteoporosis

Introduction:

Menopause is one of the most striking events occurring during women’s life which holds intrinsic clinical and public health interest due to its related complications. It considered as an important marker of aging and health in women (1,2).
Increasing life expectance result in an increase in postmenopausal women population worldwide .It is estimated that mentioned population is expected to increase to 1200 million by 2030.From this population 76% will be from developing countries(3).
Postmenopausal women are at risk of many chronic disorders including cardiovascular disease (CVD), osteoporosis and consequently higher rate of morbidity and mortality (4).
Osteoporosis is a common asympstomatic postmenopausal disease that has a substantial impact on the quality of life of older women and is defined as bone mineral density (BMD) 2.5 standard deviations below the young healthy adult mean (T-score ≤-2.5).According to World Health Organization (WHO) report 30% of all postmenopausal women suffered from osteoporosis(5).
Osteoporosis related fractures are one of the causes of disability among elderly population (6).
In addition,the association between decreased bone mineral density (BMD) or osteoporosis with CVD and subclinical vascular disease has been documented in many studies(7-9).
The calcium transport hypothesis could explain the pathogenesis of mentioned association .Accordingly, calcium loss from bone leads to calcium deposition into the arterial wall,arterial wall calcification and consequently arterial stiffness which result in CVD(10).
Deposition of calcium within the media of breast tissue arteries is defined as Breast arterial calcification (BAC)(11).
Several studies have indicated that women with BAC have incr...

... middle of paper ...

...lence and higher degree of BAC are increased with age and only 1% of women aged<60 years had graded 2-3 BAC(32).
It is recommended to plan future studies among post menopausal women aged >60-65 years. In presence of probable association between BAC and BMD, the presence of osteoporosis would be predicted by routine mammography without using DXA which considered a high cost procedure.
The limitations of this study were cross sectional design of the study and small sample size of the studied population.
In sum, the results of current study indicated that there was not significant relation between BAC and BMD in our studied population, but it seems that increasing age has an important role in both developing BAC and reducing BMD. For obtaining more conclusive results further studies with larger sample size and considering the severity of BAC is recommended.

Show More
Related

  • The Integumentary System And Skeletal System

    1018 Words  | 3 Pages

    Osteoporosis comes from the latin word meaning “porous bone”. If you were to look closely at a bone you could see there are these small spaces on the bone which is good, now if you look at someone who suffers from osteoporosis you will see these spaces are much larger. As these spaces become larger it takes away from the strength and integrity of the bone making it grow weak and thin. Osteoporosis is most common in women over the age of 50 and gives them a higher risk of fractures and or breaks especially common in the hips. While we know osteoporosis comes from a number of things it can be broken down to age, the hormonal changes most commonly seen in menopause and a lower intake of Vitamin D and Calcium. Age is the unpreventable factor that doctors or you cannot change. Hormonal changes can be fixed with supplements or hormone therapy along with ones intake of Vitamin D and Calcium. Hormone therapy, estrogen alone or the combination of estrogen and progestin have been proven to prevent and aide in the treatment of osteoporosis in

    Read More

  • Disease Effects Of Osteoporosis

    950 Words  | 2 Pages

    There are many different diseases that can affect our skeletal system and Osteoporosis is one of them. Osteoporosis lessens bone strength and bone density (amount of bone mineral in bone tissue), which will lead to fragile bones. It mainly affect the hips, ribs, spine, and wrists. Male or female, at any age, can get this but it is mostly occurs in older women (Team, 2016). Osteoporosis is very common, there are more than 3 million cases a year. There are many causes/risk factors, symptoms, and some treatment cases. About 54 million Americans have Osteoporosis and low bone mass (Foundation, 2016).

    Read More

  • Osteoporosis Essay

    1455 Words  | 3 Pages

    Osteoporosis is a condition, which advances with age, resulting in fragile, weak bones due to a decrease in bone mass. Externally osteoporotic bone is shaped like normal bone, however it’s internal appearance differs. Internally the bone becomes porous due to a loss in essential minerals, including phosphate and calcium. The minerals are loss more quickly than they can be replaced and in turn cause the bones to become less dense and weak. The bones become prone to fracture, due to their weakness. Therefore the awareness of the disease tends to occur after a fracture has been sustained. The bones most commonly affected are the ribs, wrist, pelvis and the vertebrae.

    Read More

  • Menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy

    1856 Words  | 4 Pages

    Menopause is marked by the cessation of the menstrual cycle for twelve consecutive months. Natural menopause varies in timing from woman to woman, but typ...

    Read More

  • Understanding and Managing Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Guide

    1008 Words  | 3 Pages

    Osteoporosis is a condition, in which bones are weak from deterioration, loss of bone mass, and quality-bone strength. Osteoporosis usually triggers postmenopausal women (women who have not had their period for a whole year), or older men and women. Some risks both older men and women endure when experiencing Osteoporosis are decrease of calcium and bone fractures. These symptoms or effects can all be caused by weight loss, smoking, age, ethnicity, genetics, medications, bone structure, and certain diseases that can later on contribute to Osteoporosis, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoporosis may be prevented by going to drug therapy to stop alcoholism and smoking, a sufficient amount of calcium intake, and exercising; such as jogging, walking,

    Read More

  • Causes Of Osteoporosis

    1125 Words  | 3 Pages

    First of all, being a woman is one of the risk factors of osteoporosis especially after the age of menopause. “30% of American women between the ages of 60 and 70 have osteoporosis” (Marieb & Hoehn, 2016).To clarify, menopause is characterized by the loss of estrogen hormone production by the ovaries. Since estrogen is necessary for osteoblast to build new bone tissues, the lack of this hormone will improve the ability of osteoblast to absorb the bone tissues. Another risk factor of osteoporosis is being Caucasian. Caucasian women are more likely to get osteoporosis. 30% of Caucasian women experience a bone fracture in their lives that is related to osteoporosis” (Marieb & Hohen, 2016) . Furthermore, genetics are another risk factor of osteoporosis. Individuals with a family history of osteoporosis are at a primary risk for developing this condition. Moreover, a bad and unhealthy lifestyle including poor diet, lack of activities and exercise, smoking, and drinking too much are also risks factors of osteoporosis. In addition, low body weight is another risk factor of osteoporosis. Individuals with low body weight and small amount of fat and muscles are more likely to get this

    Read More

  • An Overview of Oral Candidiasis

    2451 Words  | 5 Pages

    14- Dutt. P, Chaudhary SR, et al. Oral health and menopause: a comprehensive review on current knowledge and associated dental management. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research (2013); 3(3): 320-323.

    Read More

  • Stress and Cardiovascular Disease

    1249 Words  | 3 Pages

    CHD is primarily due to atherosclerosis, which is the blockage of blood flow in the arteries due to the accumulation of fats, cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in the blood. Atherosclerosis takes place over many years, but when the blood flow becomes so limited due to the build up of plaque in the arteries, there becomes a serious problem. “When...

    Read More

  • Osteoporosis Essay

    1149 Words  | 3 Pages

    Osteoporosis is one of the main types of bone diseases that is more commonly developed in the adult years of men and women, but can also affect younger aged people too. This disease contributes to “…decrease bone mass, increased skeletal fragility, and an increased risk of fractures…” (Caple & Schub. 2014). Bones are constantly being replaced by new bone hence it is living tissue. Osteoporosis eventually occurs when new bone has failed to be developed. In Canada, “1.5 million Canadians 40 years of age or older (10%) reported having been diagnosed with osteoporosis, of which, women were 4 times more likely to report having osteoporosis than men” (“What is the impact,” 2010). Women are at greater risk then men because the hormone changes in women can affect the bone density. Estrogen is essential for bone density but after menopause the levels fall resulting in bone loss. On the other hand, the cause for men is still unknown. However, testosterone: the male hormone helps to keep bones healthy. Even though men still produce the male hormone at an old age, there is still a risk of osteoporosis because the levels have dropped. Occasionally bone loss occurs without any cause, and later realizing that it is a silent theif when you ultimately develop symptoms (“Osteoporosis – Review,” 2014). In most instances osteoporosis is preventable, even though it is not reversible and harmful disease.

    Read More

  • Essay On Health Issues

    707 Words  | 2 Pages

    When a person is at the stage of middle adulthood, his or her body changes drastically; for instance, women go through menopause and erectile dysfunction occurs in men. Menopause is when a typical woman (between the age of 45 and 50) has a discontinuation of her menstruation. Erectile dysfunction is when a man is unable to withstand a long lasting erection for sexual activity. As we move into late adulthood, our memories begin to get a little fuzzy and we have a fear of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s is defined as the deterioration of a person’s mental processes. These are only a few health issues that can occur in late adulthood.

    Read More

  • Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis

    1793 Words  | 4 Pages

    There are many identifiable risk factors that are both modifiable, and non-modifiable. The gender of the patient is a major risk factor, as women are more likely to develop osteoporosis. Of the almost 50 million Americans diagnosed with osteoporosis, 80% are women. Females at any age have less bone density than males, but in the mid-30's women experience bone loss at a rate of 1% each year (Berarducci, 2008). Walker (2010) adds to the previous statistics, citing around one out of three women over the age of fifty will have a fracture related to osteoporosis, compared to one in 12 men.

    Read More

  • Essay On The Musculoskeletal System

    1138 Words  | 3 Pages

    Women are at a higher threat of developing osteoporosis when their ovaries discontinue producing estrogen. This is due to the fact that estrogen supports maintaining proper calcium levels in bones. “A collapse of bony vertebrae of the spinal column results in loss of height and stooped posture. Hip fractures are a common occurrence.”

    Read More

  • menopause

    2230 Words  | 5 Pages

    Menopause is the time in a woman’s life when the function of the ovaries ceases. The

    Read More

  • Critique Of Nurse-Patient Communication

    733 Words  | 2 Pages

    Limitations to this study could be seen in the size of the group of participants. Another limitation would be that only participants from one facility were interviewed.

    Read More

  • Osteopenia Case Study

    588 Words  | 2 Pages

    Osteoporosis is a disease in which the bones become so weak and brittle that even a cough can cause enough stress on the bone that it will cause the bone to facture. The most commonly broken bones are the hip, wrist, and the spine. Although it affects men and women of all races, post-menopausal Caucasian and Asian women are more commonly affected than those of other ethnicities and sexes. In fact, thirty percent of all post-menopausal women in the US and Europe will be diagnosed with Osteoporosis and at least 40 percent of those will suffer from a fracture in their lifetime.

    Read More

More about Menopause Is the Most Striking Event in a Woman's Life

Open Document