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Chemical and physical change lab report copper sulfate
Chemical and physical change lab report copper sulfate
Chemical and physical change lab report copper sulfate
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Synthesis and characterization of Co-SPIONs. Co-SPIONs were synthesized in the thermostated glass reactor by Massart’s co-precipitation method (Massart, 1981) from the alkaline solutions of Co(II) and Fe(III) metal salts at 70 °C for 5 h. All reagents in synthesis procedure were at least of analytical grade and were used without any further purification, except for NaOH, which was purified by preparation of a saturated solution resulting in the crystallization of other sodium salts. CoCl2, Fe2(SO4)3 and citric acid were purchased from Aldrich Chemicals Inc. Ultrapure water was used throughout all experiments. For preparation of the working solutions 0.12 mol/L CoCl2, 0.06 mol/L Fe2(SO4)3, 5.0 mol/L NaOH and 0.3 mol/L citric acid solutions were prepared and deoxygenated with argon before mixing. The molar ratio of cobalt(II) and iron(III) salts in the reactor was 1:1.2 at their total concentration - 40 mmol. The pH of solutions was maintained at 11.5. The required quantity of 5.0 mol/L NaOH was determined by additional blank experiment. In the subsequent experiment, the estimated amount was added to the reactor, containing all other components, in several seconds under vigorous stirring. The synthesis in the thermostated reactor was conducted under a continuous argon gas bubbling. The crude products were centrifuged at 7500 rpm for 5 min and rinsed several times. The supernatants obtained from the last three centrifugations were combined, neutralized by addition of citric acid solution up to pH 6.0 and used as a stable ferrofluid within the following week. The composition of the synthesized products was investigated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and following nanoparticle dissolution in HCl (1:1) solution by inductively p... ... middle of paper ... ... 7-aminoactinomycin D (BD Biosciences, USA) staining. Magnetic-activated cell sorting. Magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) was used to separate magnetically labeled and unlabeled cells after 48 hours of incubation with Co-SPIONs. A single-cell suspension of treated cells was passed through a LS Column, placed in a MidiMACS Separator (Miltenyi Biotec, Germany). Magnetically-unlabeled fraction flew freely through the column. Magnetically labeled fraction was collected by removing LS Column out of magnetic field and eluting attached cells with PBS. Both fractions were examined under the microscope and cell counter for presence of cells. Statistical analysis. Triplicate measurements of each sample were performed in three independent experiments. Statistical differences between the groups were analysed by Student’s t-test. A value of p<0.05 was considered significant.
The purpose for this experiment was to determine why it was not possible to obtain a high percent yield when Calcium Nitrate Ca(〖NO_3)〗_2 with a concentration of 0.101 M was mixed with Potassium Iodate KIO_3 with concentration of 0.100 M at varying volumes yielding Calcium Iodate precipitate and Potassium Nitrate. Filtration was used to filter the precipitates of the solutions. The percent yield for solution 1 was 87.7%, and the percent yield for solution 2 was 70.8%. It was not possible to obtain a high percent yield because Calcium Iodate is not completely soluble and some of the precipitates might have been rinsed back to the filtrates when ethanol was used to remove water molecules in the precipitate.
This paper describes the methods used in the identification, investigation of properties, and synthesis of an unknown compound. The compound was identified as calcium nitrate by a variety of tests. When the compound was received, it was already known to be one of twelve possible ionic compounds. The flame test identified the presence of the calcium anion in the compound. The compound tested positive for the nitrate cation using the iron sulfate test. At this point it was hypothesized that the compound was calcium nitrate. Reactivity tests and quantitative analysis comparing the unknown compound with calcium nitrate supported this hypothesis. Synthesis reactions were then carried out and analyzed.
Solid triphenylmethanol (0.200 g, 0.768 mmol) and sulfuric acid (2 mL) were added to a reaction tube, which was then ground using a glass rod until it dissolved and turned a dark orange color. The mixture was then added dropwise via a glass pipette into another reaction tube containing methanol (1 mL). An extra amount of methanol (2 mL) was used to transfer the rest of the contents of the first reaction tube. Formation of crystals was facilitated by scratching the side of the tube and adding additional methanol until the color changed to an off-white color. The contents of the tube were then vacuum filtered with water and the resulting crude product was weighed and then recrystallized using hot methanol to form triphenylmethyl methyl ether (0.051 g, 0.186 mmol, 24.2%). The melting point was 81 – 83˚
This is especially useful to find out exactly which of the month group is significantly different from each other. Data which are not significantly different from each other are written in the same column, while different column means that they have a difference. Thus it is obtained that 2-months and 4-months group are not significantly different from each other. The same is true for 4-months and 6-months group. The significant difference is between 2-months and 6-months group. However, even if the groups are listed in the same column, there are still differences in the of hyperplasia in each group. The post hoc method also analyzes the value of in each group. From the analysis, there is an increase of hyerplasia foci from 2-months until 6-months
Procedure: Anisole (0.35mL, 0.0378mol) was obtained and placed in a pre-weighed 25 mL round bottom flask, along with 2.5 mL of glacial acetic acid and a magnetic stir bar. Then the reaction apparatus was assembled, the dry tube was charged with conc. sodium bi sulfate, the 25 mL round bottom was attached to the apparatus, and 5 mL of Br2/HBr mixture was obtained and placed in the round bottom. The reaction took place for 20 minutes. An orange liquid was obtained and placed in a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask along with 25 mL of water and 2.5 mL of conc. Sodium bisulfate soln. The solution was then placed in an ice bath to precipitate and then the solid product was filter in a Buchner funnel. These crystals were then re-dissolved minimum amount of hot solvent (heptane) and recrystallized. Once a dry product was obtained, a melting point was established (2,4-Dibromoanisol mp 55-58 C) and percent yield was established (52%).
We thank the University of Oklahoma and the chemistry faculty for providing the space, instructions, and equipment for the development of this report and experiment.
Going into details of the article, I realized that the necessary information needed to evaluate the experimental procedures were not included. However, when conducting an experiment, the independent and dependent variable are to be studied before giving a final conclusion.
In this study, Øverås et al. (2014) experiment’s had two independent variables. The first independ...
In conclusion, the title and context of the article are clear, and appropriately match the hypothesis of the authors. There is consistency between the objective of the experiment and its relationship to science. This writer found some issues in the overall presentation of information, in that the text lacks smooth transition, and was difficult to read and follow.
The process varied from experiment to experiment, however, a few things were kept constant; there was an average of ten to twenty patients and all participants were abov...
The purpose of this experiment is to compare the ability of students in tasting PTC. The hypothesis formulated for genotypes states that there is a significant difference between tasters and non- taster, with the null hypothesis stating that there is no significant difference between taster and non- taster. During the phenotypic observation two different hypothesis were formulated as well, there is significant difference between the three observed phenotype and the null hypothesis states that there is no significant difference between the three phenotype. Through observation and calculation it is concluded that there is a significant difference between the Genotypes. On the other, there is no significant difference between the phenotype.
Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most commonly used polymers which can be identified into two plastic identification codes: 2 for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and 4 for low density polyethylene (LDPE). Polyethylene is sometimes called polyethene or polythene and is produced by an addition polymerisation reaction. The chemical formula for polyethylene is –(CH2-CH2)n– for both HDPE and LDPE. The formation of the polyethylene chain is created with the monomer ethylene (CH2=CH2).
In our experiment we utilized the hydrate cobaltous chloride. Hydrates are crystalline compounds in which one or more molecules of water are combined with each unit of a salt. Cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate is an inorganic compound which is a deep rose color in its hydrated form. As an inducer of
Thickett, Geoffrey. Chemistry 2: HSC course. N/A ed. Vol. 1. Milton: John Wiley & Sons Australia, 2006. 94-108. 1 vols. Print.
There is also the potential of human error within this experiment for example finding the meniscus is important to get an accurate amount using the graduated pipettes and burettes. There is a possibility that at one point in the experiment a chemical was measured inaccurately affecting the results. To resolve this, the experiment should have been repeated three times.