Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
theories of achievement motivation pdf
theories of achievement motivation pdf
theories of achievement motivation pdf
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: theories of achievement motivation pdf
Abraham Maslow produced an idea dealing with needs. In his theory, needs are prioritized. The lower needs must be fulfilled before moving to the next need. The lowest need is survival. Every human is programed with this need. According to Maslow, our second need is security. We like our life and we want to make sure to keep it. Signs of affection and love fall in place as the third need. The fourth need is esteem. Everyone desire to be reminded of how wonderful they are. The fifth need is driven by the thirst to obtain knowledge, we have a brain upstairs and when it is not put to use it can lead to detrimental acts. Aesthetics, the need for a beautiful self-image and environment, is the sixth need. The last need may be the hardest to obtain, …show more content…
He felt inferior most of his childhood and this led his theory to include life goals. When individuals feel inferior, they strive to be better. Feelings of inferiority are universal. Another influence to Adler’s theory may develop from him being the youngest of six children. His birth order theory reflects the personalities he saw in his siblings. Skinner’s interests in animals were seen throughout his childhood. He had always contained a fascination with animals, especially pigeons. Skinner was taught by his parents the clear ways to behave. He later saw how his parents used reinforcement and punishment to shape his before. This is how he developed his theory. As a child, Karen Horney experienced a strict father and felt rejected by her parents. She adored her parents until the age of eight when she became ambitious and rebellious. She did not have the love and support a child needs. She developed anxiety and was seeking approval from male peers. I believe that is safe to say that the rigid love she received as child lead to her development of her theory. Abraham Maslow grew up in a poor family with unaffectionate parents. Food was scarce and so were friends. Maslow’s childhood is a prime example of lacking needs according to his theory. Perhaps he concocted this theory to explain to his family how they failed him in his …show more content…
Jung’s theory of psyche introduced archetypes and how we project them onto the ones we find attractive; we set a standard for them to follow and become upset when they do not follow this standard. Adler’s theory of birth order shows how parents change through raising children and gives reason to consistent parenting. Skinner’s theory taught me that responses to an individual’s behavior influence their future behavior. From Horney’s theory I obtain that anxiety in individuals can be caused by failure to obtain basic neurotic needs. Maslow’s idea of self-actualization gives us a purpose in life, to fulfill all our needs and to be totally satisfied with what we are. Carl Rogers directed my thoughts to how I want to be as a therapist and a person, warm and genuine. People see things differently due to what they have already experienced, that is what I learned from O.J. Harvey’s theory. c. Which theorist’s work do you personally find to be the most valuable, and
Abraham Maslow arranged human needs into a hierarchy of five needs, starting with the most important needs which are physiological needs such as, hunger, thirst, and warmth. He then went all the way up to the least important which is self-actualization that is known as the fulfillment of unique potentials. His hierarchy of needs is depicted in a pyramidal form with the most important needs at the bottom as a base and the least important towards the top. According to Maslow, self-actualization is becoming what we believe we are capable of being he also believed that self -actualization is as important as physiological needs. Many people desire to reach self-actualization because
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is shaped like a pyramid. The first level or “base” of the pyramid consists of Physiological needs, such as: breathing, food, water, and sleep. The second level is labeled as Safety, involving security of body, resources, morality, family, and property. The third level includes Love for self, friends, and family, and the fourth level is titled Esteem such as: self-esteem, confidence, achievement, and respect of and by others. The fifth and final level is called Self-Actualization, and consists of creativity, morality, lack of prejudice and spontaneity. Maslow states that to fulfill these needs, you must start from the very bottom and work your way up, and that if your most basic
People have long considered general theories of motivation, and the question regarding the specific motives that direct and energize our human behavior has undergone tremendous speculation. To this day the question still stands: what is it that humans seek most in life? In an effort to answer this question, Abraham Maslow proposed what he called the hierarchy of needs. Maslow theorizes that human beings are motivated to fulfill this hierarchy, which consists of needs ranging from those that are basic for survival up to those that promote growth and self-enhancement (Kassin 300).
Person- centered therapy is more of a psychotherapeutic than psychodynamic model that goes over what empowers people in more of a depth comprehensive way. Rogers believed that one should focus on their own current interpretation of a situation rather than another’s interpretation. He believed that being genuine and empathic to the client helps get to the root of a confrontation and makes it easier to help the person become nostalgic and problem-less. Rogers and Maslow theories are similar but Roger’s theory doesn’t have such a simplicity stage model like Maslow. Nevertheless, both helped the actualization of one’s true self-become easier for
In 1954 an American psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed that all people are motivated to fulfill a hierarchical pyramid of needs. At the bottom of Maslow's pyramid are needs essential to survival, such as the needs for food, water, and sleep. The need for safety follows these physiological needs. According to Maslow, higher-level needs become important to us only after our more basic needs are satisfied. These higher needs include the need for love and 'belongingness', the need for esteem, and the need for self-actualization (In Maslow's theory, a state in which people realize their greatest potential) (All information by means of Encarta Online Encyclopedia).
Alfred Adler also developed the birth order theory. Under this theory Adler expresses his belief that children’s personalities develop certain characteristics depending on the order of their birth (Schustack, 2012). According to this theory, first
Adler’s birth order plays a significant part in how we perceive our lives. Birth order is defined as “is not a deterministic concept but does increase an individual’s probability of having certain set of experiences” (Corey, 2013, p. 108). When we are born there is an automatic label that is placed upon us. We are the oldest or youngest or somewhere in between. Society fosters the idea of birth order and treats us accordingly.
The first type of need in Maslow 's theory is Self-actualization. In this stage, you begin to fulfill your potential, accept reality, and solve problems and being more creative. The second type of need in Maslow 's theory is Self-Esteem. In this stage, you begin to have confidence in yourself, respect others and others respect you. The third type of need in Maslow 's theory is the Belonging Need. In this stage, you feel like being accepted, loved by others, friendship, sex and other things. The fourth stage of need in Maslow 's theory is the Safety Need. In this stage, you are to have the feelings of protection, security and safe from dangers. And the last type of need in Maslow 's theory is the Physiological needs. this needs to refer to the physical things one needs to survive and they include; food,
The first type of need in Maslow 's theory is Self-actualization. In this stage, you begin to fulfill your potential, accept reality, and solve problems and being more creative. The second type of need in Maslow 's theory is Self-Esteem. In this stage, you begin to have confidence in yourself, respect others and others respect you. The third type of need in Maslow 's theory is the Belonging Need. In this stage, you feel like being accepted, loved by others, friendship, sex and other things. The fourth stage of need in Maslow 's theory is the Safety Need. In this stage, you are to have the feelings of protection, security and safe from dangers. And the last type of need in Maslow 's theory is the Physiological needs. this needs to refer to the physical things one needs to survive and they include; food, water, shelter and
Maslow believed that there was a hierarchy of five innate needs that influence people’s behaviors (Schultz & Schultz, 2013, p.246-247). In a pyramid fashion, at the base are physiological needs, followed by safety needs, then belonginess and love needs, succeeded by esteem needs, and finally the need for self-actualization. Maslow claimed that lower order needs must be at least partially satisfied before higher level needs are addressed. Furthermore, behavior is dominated by solely one need
Alfred Adler believed that birth order was the way a child interpreted his or her perceived positions in the family, which is the most important to him or her. The psychological birth order has a greater influence on how the children’s personalities will be formed in their world (Kalkan, 2008). With each placement, the child develops characteristics and behaves in the matter where they reciprocate the parent’s energy. For instance, a first born basks in their parents’ presence, which may explain why first born children tend be mini-adults (Voo). Birth order displays characteristics that give insight to a child’s
The hypothesis of this study is that in families the eldest child’s personality is Type A and the youngest child has a personality of Type B.
Abraham Maslow wrote the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. This theory was based on fulfilling five basic needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization. Maslow believed that these needs could create internal pressures that could influence the behavior of a person. (Robbins, p.204)
Abraham Maslow did studies of the basic needs of human beings. He put these needs into a hierarchical order. This means that until the need before it has been satisfied, the following need can not be met (Encyclopedia, 2000). For example, if someone is hungry they are not thinking too much about socializing. In the order from lowest to highest the needs are psychological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. The first three are classified as lower order needs and the last two are higher order (Hierarchy, 2000). Without meeting these needs workers are not going to be as productive as they could otherwise. The first three are considered to be essential to all humans at all times. The last two have been argued but are mostly considered to be very important as well.
Similarly, Maslow's theory also reflects that humans have an internal force to reach their highest potential (Maslow, 1968). Maslow examined the hierarchy of basic human needs and developed a pyramid of requirements which motivates human beings and shapes their personality. At the bottom of his pyramid are found the basic physiological motivations which are necessary for survival such as food and shelter. The next level incorporates the need for safety, both physical and psychological. This is followed by love and belongingness which relate to receiving and giving affection. Presuming the love need is met, the next level up is the need for esteem which includes the feeling of self-esteem and self-respect. At the top of the pyramid stands the complex need for self-actualization which is a meta-need as per Maslow (1964) and we can reach it through peak experiences. It is the highest level of growth when someone reached her or his capacity to the fullest. Maslow estimated that only 1 percent of people ever really fulfil this need (Maslow,